Television basic understanding

Introduction to Television Broadcasting.
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1. Television (Basic Understanding) Nithin Kalorth [email protected]

2. Introduction A telecommunication medium Monochromic and Colour Tele = Far ; Vision = To see Television founded around 1884 Commercially grew up around 1920s

3. Television Standards NTSC NTSC : National Television System Committee Analog Television Used in USA, China, Cuba, Canada etc In NTSC, 30 frames are transmitted each second. Each frame is made up of 525 individual scan lines.

4. PAL PAL: Phase alternating Lines Analog Television In PAL, 25 frames are transmitted each second. Each frame is made up of 625 individual scan lines.

5. SECAM SECAM : Sequential Color with Memory It is  analog colour television

6. Television programme Types of programme: Episode Serial Mega serial Seasons Tele films TV movies

7. Types of format Scripted Unscripted Informational

8. Stages of programme Pre Production Production Post Production Promotion and Distribution

9. Pilot episode First episode of programme. Mainly done for creating impression on viewers and distributor. Used to sell the programme. Used to make bookmark of the rest programme.

10. Special Programme A special episode made from the original programme for a purpose. Celebration, festival, promotion , anniversary etc.

11. Developing Programme Objectives The aim of the programme . Content What does or should the programme should carry Duration The time of the programme.

12. Pre production (Documentary) Scouting the location – Finding the place of shooting and fulfilling needs. Writing the treatment – Verbal description of the suggested topic or subject of the documentary. Budget – Organizing essential expense and proper planning to use it. Pre – Production Script – Proposed interview, cut away, video shots etc.

13. Production (Documentary) Interview names and dates Shooting Crew management Transportation plans. Executing script. Making log sheets

14. Post production (Documentary) Reviewing tape with log sheet. Writing final script Coordination final script and log sheet Editing Music, Voice over Title

15. Programme Producer The key person who controls the whole programme. Know as Director, Creator or head.

16. Duties of programme producer 1. Clearly identify the goals and purposes of the production. 2. Identify and analyze your target audience. 3. Check out similar productions done in the past 4. Determine the overall value of the production 5. Develop a Treatment or a Production Proposal 6. Develop A Production Schedule 7. Select Key Production Personnel 8. Decide On Locations

17. 9.Decide On Talent, Wardrobe and Sets 10.Decide on the Remaining artists 11.Production Personnel 12.Obtain Permits, Insurance and Clearances 13.Select Video Inserts, 14.Still Photos and Graphics 15.Moving to Rehearsals and Shooting 16.The Editing Phase 17.Do Postproduction Follow-Up

18. Genres TV genres are various forms or identifiable types, categories, classifications or groups of programmes that are recurring and have similar, familiar or instantly-recognizable patterns, filmic techniques or conventions.

19. Different genres Action Adventure Comedy Crime Drama Epic/History Horror Musicals Science Fiction War Reality

20. Programme ideas From real life incident. By conducting audience survey Brainstorming and clustering Know demands of sponsors Review past programmes Read books Know the market needs Think which can satisfy your needs then audience..

21. Revenue The production is based on money and profit. So for calculating the profit, one has to follow following steps: COST PER MINUTE The cost per minute is relatively easy to determine; you simply divide the final production cost by the duration of the finished product. For example, if a 30-minute production costs 120,000, the cost per minute would be 4,000.

22. COST PER VIEWER Cost per viewer is also relatively simple to figure out; you simply divide the total production costs by the actual or anticipated audience.

23. Cost Per Measured Results The last category, cost per measured results, is the most difficult to determine. For this we must measure production costs against intended results. In commercial television we might sell 300,000 packages of razor blades after airing one 60-second commercial. If our profit on 300,000 packages was 3 lakhs and we spent 2lakhs producing and airing the commercial, we might question whether it was a good investment.