Temperature, types and thermogenesis , thermoregulation.pptx

This is pdf for knowledge in temperature for body in thermoregulation & thermogenesis

1. Temperature Tukeshnursing 33

2. Introduction : - It is a measurement of the average energy of the molecule in an object or system Thermometer or calorimeter it is determing the internal energy contained

3. Definition : - Amount of hit maintain by body or diffrence between hit production hit loss could body temperature . Or Body temperature may be defined as the degree of heat maintained by the body or it is the balance between the heat produced and the heat loss in the body.

4. Types of body temperature : - Body temperature is of two types : 1. Core temperature 2. Surface temperature

5. 1. Core temperature Core temperature is the temperature of the deep tissue of the body . Such as abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity and temperature The normal core body temperatures is a range 36.5 to 37.5 degree Celsius The body has regulate core temperature depending upon the heat produced and the blood flow.

6. 2.Surface body temperature Surface body temperature of the skin ,subcutaneous tissue and fat cells by Contrast rises and falls in response to the environmental It is doesn’t indicate internal physiology Measure with thermometer

7. Regulation of Body temperature Maintain by two mechanisms : - 1. Thermogenesis. 2. Thermolysis

8. 1. Thermogenesis : - A chemical regulation by the production by heat and control by posterior parts heat production of hypothalamus.

9. Production of heat in the body 1. Oxidation of the food : - during the metabolism of protein carbohydrates and fat heat produced as by product. One gram of carbohydrates give 4 kcl heat One gram of protein give 4 kcl heat One gram of fat give 9 kcl heat 2.Specific daynamic action : - it is also known as thermic effect of food. Specific daynamic action of fat is 4 %

10. Specific daynamic action of carbohydrates is 5 to 6 % Specific daynamic action of protein in 30 % Specific daynamic action of mixed diet 12 % 3. Exercise : - during exercise heat is produced faster than it is eliminated from the body . the heavier the exercises the production of heat in the body during exercise the blood supply to the skin in the increased and the individual feel hot 4. Hormonal effect : - increased activity of the thyroid gland and the adrenal gland rise the body temperature . Hormones are released into the blood they stimulate the oxidation process a large amount of heat is produced in the body.

11. 5 environmental : - high room temperature incense the body temperature Very high external temperature may upset the heat regulating mechanism and the temperature of body increased high level sun stroke heat stroke 5. Diseased condition : - fever or Pyrexia is caused by the bacterial invision . The degree of temperature depends upon the severity of infection

12. 2. Thermolysis : - A physical regulation by loss of heat anterior part of hypothalamus Losing heat from the body different organs : - 1. Through the skin : - 60 % the skin acts one of the important organ in the heat regulation . it is controlled by hypothalamus Due to vasodilation more blood comes to the skin and heat is lost by means of conduction, convection , radiation , evaporation

13. 2. Conduction : - is the transfer of heat directly through a substance from hot part to the cold part . from one molecule to the other by direct contact. very little heat is lost by conduction. 3. Convection : - is the method of the transfer of heat by circulating air or liquid and it depends upon the air movement and the temperature of the atomeshphare . 4. Radiation : - is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another which are not in contact with each other 5. Evaporation : - is the process by which a substance in liquid state is changed into vapour Such a process requires heat .

14. 6. Through the lungs : - the temperature of the air which is taken to the lungs to the of the atmosphere and it is lower than that of the body temperature 7. Through the kidney : - the kidney secrete urine which is warmed by the heat taken from the body . as the urine of is excreted the heat is also lost from the body

15. Parts of the body where the temperature is taken : - The temperature is highest when taken by rectum . It is 1•F higher than the oral temperature. II. The temperature is lowest when taken by axilla . It is 1•F less than the oral temperature. Oral temperature : - 98.6 •F (37•c ) Rectal temperature : - 99. 6 •F ( 37.5• c ) Axillary temperature : - 97.6 •F ( 36.4•c )