Temporal pattern and PM characteristics of MSW

This material is presented in AAC 2024

1. Poster Presentation (P2-104)
Temporal Pattern and Particulate Matter Characteristics from Municipal
Open Waste Burning in Semarang City Indonesia (Paper ID: 754c72)
Bimastyaji Surya RAMADAN
1,2
, Raden Tina ROSMALINA
3
, IndriyaniRACHMAN
1,4
, and Toru MATSUMOTO
1
1
Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Japan 808-0135
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia 50275
3
Research Unit for Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia 40135 Indonesia
4
Department of Natural Science Education, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia 16143
*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

2. Research Background and Objectives
High-level data inventory related to open
waste burning are lacking in developing
countries especially in Semarang City
(Ramadan et al., 2022)
Municipal open waste burning is potentially
emitting particulate emission in many
developing cities (Nagpureet al., 2015)
There is a limited number of studies which
concern to the metals and volatile organic
compound bound in particulate matter
(Chantaraet al., 2019)
Understanding temporal pattern and
characteristics of particulate matter emitted
from waste burning will give a significant
contribution to fill the scientific gaps
Research Background
Identify the existing disposal practices in
Semarang City
Analyze the temporal pattern of open
waste burning by the same transect walk
Analyze the waste pile and composition
Analyze the particulate matter characteristics
from open waste burning
Research Objectives

3. Research Methodologies
Transect Walk Field SurveyOnline Questionnaire Survey Burning Simulation
•Distributedto100residentsof
SemarangCityrandomly
•Questions:
oDemographyandsocialprofile
oWasteburningfrequencyaround
residents
oCommondisposalpractice
oCommonwastecollectionpractice
oWastecollectionfrequency
•Transectswalkarecarriedoutinthe
morning-afternoon
•16routes(each>10km)whereeach
clustercontains4differentroutes(sub
district)
•Transectwalksarecarriedoutfor2
days,each2x(morning-afternoon)
wheretheburningquantityis
calculatedbasedonthenumberof
pilesseen
•3-5kgofbackyardwasteisburned
•Thewastewastakenfromtransect
walksurvey
•Flyashistakenfromthecyclone
outputandbottomashistakenfrom
thebottom,makingsurethereisno
morewasteleft
•GC-MSandICP-MSanalysiswasused
todetectthepotentialaerosol
pollutionoforganiccompoundsand
metalsfromparticulatematter

4. Results and Discussions
NoCompound Fly Ash (ppm) Bottom Ash (ppm)
1 Naphtalene 0.0521 ±0.000684 0.0674 ±0.00265
2 Naphthalene, 2-methyl- ND 0.0459 ±0.0203
3 Biphenylene 0.0461 ±0.008149 0.2317 ±0.1338
4 Acenaphthene ND 0.1032 ±0.0767
5 Fluorene ND 0.1872 ±0.1099
6 Anthracene 0.1398 ±0.0375 0.2408 ±0.0724
7 Fluoranthene 0.1803 ±0.0144 0.1031 ±0.0191
8 Pyrene 0.2356 ±0.0492 ND
9 Naphthacene 0.06726 ±0.3264 0.3159 ±0.0661
10Triphenylene 0.8955 ±0.3264 0.4028 ±0.2382
NoElement Concentration (ug/g)
Fly Ash Bottom Ash
1 As 17.25 ±2.95 22.10 ±10.80
2 Cd 16.18 ±1.87 5.96 ±1.77
3 Cr 87.63 ±7.47 41.44 ±2.97
4 Cu 124.81 ±5.36 138.58 ±5.26
5 Hg ND ND
6 Mn 1383.40 ±44.53 1699.26 ±45.98
7 Ni 14.19 ±5.87 5.32 ±6.71
8 Pb 43.58 ±38.09 39.53 ±21.98
9 Zn 2072.35 ±68.52 975.31 ±29.38
0.0% 50.0% 100.0%
Dry - Cluster 1 (Rural)
Rainy - Cluster 1 (Rural)
Dry - Cluster 2 (Outer Peri-urban)
Rainy - Cluster 2 (Outer Peri-
urban)
Dry - Cluster 3 (Inner Peri-urban)
Rainy - Cluster 3 (Inner Peri-
urban)
Dry - Cluster 4 (Urban Core)
Rainy - Cluster 4 (Urban Core)
Dry - Avg Semarang City
Rainy - Avg Semarang City
PaperPlasticOrganicLWTR GlassMetalsMiscellaneous
Paper 4.9%
Plastic 15.7%
Organic 41.2%
LWTR 21.5%
Glass 2.0%
Metals 5.8%
Miscellaneous 8.9%
0
50
100
Rainy Dry
Series1 58.83 77.72
Total Burned
Waste (Gg/year)

5. Conclusions and References
In Semarang City, most of residents are found to burn the waste once a week
Open burning is the second disposal practice of municipal waste after waste collection
by the officers
Higher burning intensity and activity was found in the dry season
In dry season, the lower plastic and organic portion of burned waste was found
Triphenylene is the biggest volatile compounds found in both fly ash and bottom ash
Zinc and manganese is contributing to the highest metals bound in particulate matter of
mixed waste burning in Semarang City
Health risk related to the open burning of mixed municipal waste (which includes the
VOC and metals -zinc and manganese) should be considered in the future studies
References
1.Ramadan BS, RachmanI, Matsumoto T, (2022)
Activity and emission inventory of open waste
burning at the household level in developing
countries: a case study of Semarang City. J
Mater Cycles Waste Manag. 24, 1194-1204. doi:
10.1007/s10163-022-01371-3
2.NagpureAS, RamaswamiAA, Russell AG, (2015)
Characterizing the spatial and temporal
patterns of open burning of municipal solid
waste (MSW) in Indian Cities. Environ Sci
Technol. 49: 12911–12912. doi:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03243.
3.ChantaraS, ThepnuanD, WriyaW, PrawanS,
Tsai YI, (2019). Emissions of pollutant gases, fine
particulate matters and their significant tracers
from biomass burning in an open-system
combustion chamber. Chemosphere. 224: 407-
416. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.153

6. Contact Card
Bimastyaji Surya RAMADAN
Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Japan 808-0135
[email protected]
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia 50275
[email protected]