Tenses presentation

1. TENSES ( presented by : Ayu Maylani)

2. MEANING The word Tense is derived from latin word “tempus” which means time . A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form.

3. Based on Time frame The verb tenses may be categorized according to the time frame: Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense

4. Present, Past, Future Present Tens e : Present tense expresses an unchanging, repeated, or reoccurring action or situation that exists only now. It can also represent a widespread truth. Past Tense : Past tense expresses an action or situation that was started and finished in the past. Future Tense : Future tense expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future.

5. Based on Aspect Verb tenses may also be categorized according to aspect. Aspect refers to the nature of the action described by the verb. There are four aspects: Indefinite or Simple Continuous or Progressive Perfect or Complete Perfect Continuous

6. Explanation Indefinite Tense The three indefinite tenses , or simple tenses , describe an action but do not state whether the action is finished. Continuous Tense The three continuous tenses , incomplete tenses , or progressive tenses , describe an unfinished action. Perfect Tense The three complete tenses , or perfect tenses , describe a finished action. Perfect Continuous Tense To combine the complete tenses and the incomplete tenses, to describe an action which was in progress and then finished

7. There are twelve possible verb tenses.

8. The Rules of Tenses : Here is a list of rules of these tenses: Simple Forms Progressive Forms Perfect Forms Perfect Progressive Forms Present S+V I +s/es S+is/am/are+ V I+ing S+have/has+V III (been) S+have/has+been+ V I +ing Past S+V II S+was/were+ V I +ing S+had+V III (been) S+ had been + V I +ing Future S+will/shall+V I S+will be+V I+ing S+will have+V III S+will have been+V I +ing

9. Present Tense

10. Present Indefinite Tense The simple present is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that is occurring in the present, at the moment of speaking or writing. For Example : I speak English everyday Time signal : everyday,always,often,every week, usually,never.

11. Present Continuous Tense The present continuous emphasizes the continuing nature of an act, event, or condition. For Example : We are studying now Time Signal : now,at present,at the morning, today

12. Present Perfect Tense The present perfect tense is used to describe action that began in the past and continues into the present or has just been completed. For Example : I have lived here for 2 years Time signal : once,twice, for 2 years, since 1993, this week .

13. Present Perfect Cont.Tense The present perfect continuous is used to describe an action, event, or condition that has begun in the past and continues into the present. For Example : It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now. Time signal : all day, all morning, for,since, the whole night.

14. Past Tense

15. Past Indefinite Tense The simple past is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that occurred in the past. For Example : He bought a pair of shoes yesterday Time signal : yesterday,last month,last night, a forth night ago.

16. Past Continuous Tense The past continuous tense is used to described actions ongoing in the past. For Example : When you called me, I was playing the piano. Time signal : when,while, all day yesterday.

17. Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is used to refer to actions that took place and were completed in the past. For Example : I had written a letter before i went to the post office. Time signal : before, as soon as

18. Past Perfect Cont.Tense The past perfect continuous is used to indicate that a continuing action in the past began before another past action began or interrupted the first actio n For Example : we had already been staying in London for three years. Time signal : when, for, since.

19. Future Tense

20. Future Indefinite Tense The simple future is used to refer to actions that will take place after the act of speaking or writing. For Example : She will go to paris tomorrow. *I am going to read newspaper tomorrow Time signal : tomorrow, next week, next year

21. Future Continuous Tense The future continuous tense is used to describe actions ongoing in the future. The future progressive is used to refer to continuing action that will occur in the future. For Example : I shall be going out at eight tomorrow morning. Time signal : tomorrow morning, from seven to nine tonight.

22. Future Perfect Tense The future perfect is used to refer to an action that will be completed sometime in the future before another action takes place. For Example : We shall have arrived at Surabaya to night. Time signal : by next month, by the end of this day.

23. Future Perfect Continuous Tense The future perfect continuous tense is used to indicate a continuing action that will be completed at some specified time in the future. For Example : By June 2007 I shall have been working at this office for three years. Time signal : by the end of, by the end of 1990

24. Do the Exercises ^^ Create the Sentences which appropriate with tenses explanation above !!! GOOD LUCK^_^