Terms in research lesson in grade 10.pptx

This lesson is for students studying research

1. Lesson 1: Technical terms used in RESEARCH By: Cynthia Pinyuhan SHS Teacher

2. Why is research important? the main purpose of research is to inform action , to prove a theory , and contribute to developing knowledge in a field or study .

3. What is research? “a systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any problem.” It involves the quest for answers to unsolved problems.

4. Research is collecting data and information, learning and finding new things. It is also an advanced knowledge which follows a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information in order to understand more the phenomena under study.

5. research methods may be defined as “a systematic and scientific procedure of data collection, compilation, analysis, interpretation, and implication pertaining to any problem (Bajpai, 2011, p.4)

6. Examples of Research Action research Thesis Dissertation case study Experimental research

7. Terms in Research CONCEPT- a term that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomenon, or an idea. Examples of concepts include common demographic measures: Income – P5,000 – P8,000 Age – 18 y/o – 20 y/o Education Level – High School Graduate, College Graduate, Post Graduate Number of Siblings – 3 siblings in the family, 4 or more siblings in the family

8. 2. Theory - is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon. a particular phenomenon. Examples : theory of relativity, atomic theory, theory of evolution, and quantum theory

9. 3 .VARIABLES - any quality of a person, group subject, event, condition or situation that varies or takes on different values. Examples : age, sex, business income and expenses, country of birth, capital expenditure, class grades, eye color and vehicle type

10. 4 .HYPOTHESIS a logical supposition, a reasonable guess, and educated conjecture. It provides a tentative explanation of a phenomenon under investigation.

11. Example of Hypothesis a researcher might be interested in the relationship between study habits and test anxiety. The researcher would propose a hypothesis about how these two variables are related, such as "Test anxiety decreases as a result of effective study habits.“

12. 5 .SAMPLING it is the process of selecting participants who are representatives of a larger population – gain an understanding of a larger population.

13. Example of sampling For example, a random sample may include choosing the names of 25 employees out of a hat in a company of 250 employees.

14. 2 Major types of research methods Quantitative Research “describes, infers, and resolves problems using numbers. Emphasis is placed on the collection of numerical data, the summary of those data and the drawing of inferences from the data.”

15. Quantitative Method focuses on numbers, objective hard data. It proves hypotheses by statistical analysis and scientific method. It is called a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data is used to obtain information about the world. It is used to describe variables. It examines relationships among variables.

16. Example of quantitative Example is a drug abuser telling you how many pills they consume per week .

17. 2. Qualitative Research is based on words, feelings, emotions, sounds and other non-numerical and unquantifiable elements. It has been noted that “information is considered qualitative in nature if it cannot be analyzed by means of mathematical techniques ( Picknell , 2021). “

18. Qualitative Method It uses words instead of numbers to display data. It focuses on feelings not numerical data. Small amount of participants involved in a qualitative research study. This kind of research method utilizes interviews , archived written information , and observations to measure the significance of a relationship between variables.

19. Example of Qualitative Example is a drug abuser telling you how they feel about abusing drugs.

20. 1.The basic purpose of a research paper is to . A. argue C. narrate E. describe B. illustrate D. inform F. persuade 2. The first step in writing a research paper is to . find sources B. choose a subject C. take notes D. develop a research question E. write a thesis statement

21. 3. A good research topic is one that is __________. general or vague easy, uncomplicated of interest to the researcher limited or focused only c and d F. only a and b

22. 4. The following are purposes accomplished by the introduction to a research paper EXCEPT one? A.It provides background information and key terms. B. It grabs the reader's attention. C. It presents the main idea, or thesis statement. D. It explains the data gathered.

23. 5. This research term provides a tentative explanation or answer for a phenomenon under investigation. reliability hypothesis sampling D. validity

24. 6. It is a term used in research that abstractly describes and names an object, a phenomenon, or an idea. A.Research B. Variables C. Theory D. Concept

25. 7. It is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon. research B. variables C. Theory D. concept

26. 8. It is a term in research called any quality of person, group subject, event, condition or emotion that varies or takes on different values. Variable Sampling Hypothesis theory

27. SMART is a good way to remember the fundamentals of research paper writing, and to help prepare an author in writing a successful research paper.

28. S-specific M-measurable A-attainable R-realistic T-time

29. Specific: A research paper should be specific. It should maintain its focus on the given subject of research - answering a specific research question - and not be inconsistent or aimless as to convey information or make claims on other, unrelated topics or subjects. Measurable: a research paper must contain specific, , proven research, and cites all research sources and related literature

30. Attainable: A research paper must provide a thesis statement, one that answers the research question and contributes to the knowledge of the given subject. It can't propose to answer a question that doesn't relate to real life or isn't based on an existing body of knowledge.

31. Realistic: A research paper is objective and realistic. Should it be made to present interpretations, arguments, or evaluations, then it should do so based on valid evidence from reliable sources.

32. Time > A research paper cannot be written without the researcher knowing the limits, timeframes, and focus of the required work. Without the writer / researcher stating the scope and limitations of the research paper, it is likely that the thesis statement will be hampered by an inability to answer the given research question or focus on the given research subject.

33. Interview Guide Reference Plagiarism Methodology Literature Review Research Title _____________________ 1. It pertains to the inclusion of question-based or topic based. This may be used in the form of general questions. _____________________ 2. It discusses published information in a particular subject area. _____________________ 3. It is the part where you indicated the research instrument. _____________________ 4. It is placed where you remember that it is important to give credit where it is due. This means you acknowledge the author’s work. _____________________ 5. It refers to the process of using the information without giving due credit to the writer.

34. LESSON 2:DIFFERENTIATING QUALITATIVE METHOD FROM QUANTITATIVE METHOD

35. QUANTITATIVE ADVANTAGES the results are valid, reliable and generalizable to a larger population. Quantitative research is advantageous for studies that involve numbers, such as measuring achievement gaps between different groups of students or assessing the effectiveness of a new blood pressure medication.

36. QUANTITATIVE DISADVANTAGES Survey instruments are vulnerable to errors such as mistakes in measurement and flawed sampling techniques. Another disadvantage is that quantitative research involves numbers, but some topics are too difficult to quantify in numbers. For example, constructing an effective survey with closed-ended questions about how people fall in love would be difficult

37. QUALITATIVE ADVANTAGES > A big advantage of qualitative research is the ability to deeply probe and obtain rich descriptive data about social phenomena through structured interviews, cultural immersion, case studies and observation, for instance. Examples include ethnography, narratives and grounded theory.

38. QUALITATIVE DISADVANTAGES Conscious or unconscious bias can influence the researcher’s conclusions. Lacking rigorous scientific controls and numerical data, qualitative findings may be dismissed by some researchers as anecdotal information.

39. 7 significance of research A Tool for Building Knowledge and for Facilitating Learning 2. Means to Understand Various Issues and Increase Public Awareness 3. An Aid to Business Success 4. A Way to Prove Lies and to Support Truths 5. Means to Find, Gauge, and Seize Opportunities 6. A Seed to Love Reading, Writing, Analyzing, and Sharing Valuable Information 7. Nourishment and Exercise for the Mind

40. Write QUANTI if it is quantitative, and QUALI if it’s qualitative. ___ quanti __________ The cup had a mass of 454 grams. 2. ____ quanti _________ The temperature outside is 250 C. 3. ______ quali _______ It is warm outside. 4. ____ quanti _________ The tree is 30 feet tall. 5. _______ quanti ______ The building has 25 stories. 6. _____ quali ________ The building is taller than the tree. 7. _____ quali ________ The sidewalk is long. 8. ______ quanti _______ The sidewalk is 100 meters long. 9. _____ quali ________ The race was over quickly. 10. ______ quanti _______ The race was over in 10 minutes.

41. Expanded Definition > is used to define technical terms with a very detailed explanation, sometimes, with the use of examples and visuals. Expanded definitions are usually found in academic texts (Gonzales, et al., 2017).

42. Ways on how to expand a definition into a paragraph: 1. Expanding by Giving an Example Speed is a concept that marks our time. Everybody is in a hurry to go somewhere. Industry is constantly demanding new inventions that will speed up production so that the constant cry of the bosses to the workmen is speed it up! The maker of automobiles boasts of the newest type of a car which is faster than the old model . Shoppers push and shove each other all about the counters. All are in a hurry to get something. People who are going to school, shop, or office rush breathlessly to do important tasks, they gulp their food and swallow it in haste. Restless “hunters of fun” crowd into places of entertainment. Most of these people cannot sit still. At a movie, they tap their feet or finger in impatience. Yes, speed is the word of the day (Gorgon, et al., 2010).

43. 2. Expanding by Comparing and Contrasting 3. Expanding by Describing a Process

44. Forms of Research Scientific research a systematic way of gathering data and harnessing curiosity. provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and the properties of the world. It makes practical applications possible funded by public authorities, by charitable organizations and by private groups, including many companies.

45. Forms of Research 2. Artistic research > also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself. > It is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and truth.

46. Forms of Research 3. Historical research >comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use historical sources and other evidence to research and then to write history. >items may vary depending on the subject matter and researcher, the following concepts are part of most formal historical research: Identification of origin date; Evidence of localization; Recognition of authorship; Analysis of data; Identification of integrity; and Attribution of credibility.

47. Forms of Research 4. Documentary research the use of outside sources, documents, to support the viewpoint or argument of an academic work. The process of documentary research often involves some or all of conceptualizing, using and assessing documents. The analysis of the documents would be either quantitative or qualitative analysis (or both). The key issues surrounding types of documents and our ability to use them as reliable sources of evidence on the social world must be considered by all who use documents in their research.

48. Forms of Research 4. Documentary research the use of outside sources, documents, to support the viewpoint or argument of an academic work. The process of documentary research often involves some or all of conceptualizing, using and assessing documents. The analysis of the documents would be either quantitative or qualitative analysis (or both). The key issues surrounding types of documents and our ability to use them as reliable sources of evidence on the social world must be considered by all who use documents in their research.

49. Steps in conducting research Identification of research problem Literature review Specifying the purpose of research Determining specific research questions Specification of a conceptual framework, sometimes including a set of hypotheses Choice of a methodology (for data collection) Data collection Verifying data Analyzing and interpreting the data Reporting and evaluating research Communicating the research findings and, possibly, recommendations