Terrestrial laser scanning

Project presentation of terrestrial laser scanning for the "3D Remote Sensing" module at the University of Southampton.

1. Brown, L., Drew, O., Kramer, I., Maranzu , V. and Rouse, C. Terrestrial Laser Scanning for 3D Building Modelling

2. Output & Validation Data Processing Registration Noise removal Data Collection Leica C10 Site selection 3D Mapping Available methods TLS The Proposed Work

3. Available Methods Increasing demand for 3D building models Range of techniques available (Arayici, 2007; Mill et al., 2013) : Traditional survey Tape measure Surveyor’s wheel E lectronic distance meter Total station Close range photogrammetry

4. Terrestrial Laser Scanning Definition: “a ground-based, active imaging method that rapidly acquires accurate, dense 3D point clouds of object surfaces by laser range-finding” ( Lichti , 2015)

5. Terrestrial Laser Scanning Three types: Triangulation-based Pulse-based P hase-based Over 1,000,000 pps Max. range 80m Comparable accuracy 10,000-100,000 pps Max. range 300m 4-10mm accuracy

6. Terrestrial Laser Scanning Rapid acquisition Non-invasive Day or night operation Source: rudi.net/files/paper/illustrations/composite.jpg

7. C10 Pulse-based Green wavelength: 532nm Point density: 50,000 Positional accuracy: 4mm Range: 300m @ 90% Source: http://hds.leica-geosystems.com

8. Data Collection Resolution: 2cm at 20m Max distance: 4m Time: 7 minutes per scan Points collected: ~21 million Field-of-View: 270 ° (vertical) 360°(horizontal)

9. Processing Registration Database Processing in Cyclone 9.0 Raw Data Noise Removal 3D Model Cloud-to-Cloud Add Constraints

10. Constraints (Control points) Scan 1 Scan 2

11. Registered Point-clouds

12. People Objects Shadow Outside capture Errors Noise Removal Registered Cleaned

13. 3D Modelling

14. Output

15. Output

16. Object TLS (cm) Observed (cm) Error (cm) Height Poster frame 120.0 119.4 -0.6 Wall A 273.0 274.7 1.7 Double door 203.5 203.1 -0.4 Step 16.5 16.6 0.1 Wall B 279.0 278.3 -0.7 Width Single door 83.5 83.4 -0.1 Double door 161.5 160.6 -0.9 Flower pot 39.5 38.4 -1.1 Step 118.0 117.4 -0.6 Chair 43.5 42.5 -1.0 RMSE 1.0 Validation

17. Improved Data Collection Full coverage Additional corridor Additional stairs Three stations Quicker Less accurate Difficult registration

18. Leica P40 Scanner Combination of phase-based and pulse-based Spatial resolution: 1.2mm 1,000,000 pps Positional accuracy: 3mm Integrated approach Multiple scans of varying resolutions High-definition targets Undertake in morning/at night Additional software ( SketchUp , AutoCAD) Future Work http://www.comptonmoving.com/ http://hds.leica-geosystems.com/ Bastonero et al., 2014 http://www.coroflot.com/

19. Summary

20. References Arayici, Y., 2007. An approach for real world data modelling with the 3D terrestrial laser scanner for built environment, Automation in Construction , 16, 816-829 . Bastonero, P., et al., 2014. Fusion of 3D models derived from TLS and image-based techniques for CH enhanced documentation, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , Volume 2, ISPRS Technical Commission V Symposium. El-Hakim et al. , 1997. System for Indoor 3-D Mapping and Virtual Environments, SPIE , 3174, 21-35. Feng, Q., 2012. Advantages By Phase-based 3D Laser Scanning Techniques to Underground Construction, International Society for Rock Mechanics . Lee, S.Y., et al., 2013. 3D Data Acquisition for Indoor Assets Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume 2, ISPRS 8 th 3DGeoInfo Conference & WG II/2 Workshop, 27-29. Lichti , D., 2015. Special Issue "Terrestrial Laser Scanning“, Remote Sensing . MENSI, 2012. Technical specifications. Available from: http ://mensi.free.fr/english/specsoi.htm Mill, T., et al., 2013. Combined 3D building surveying techniques – terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and total station surveying for BIM data management purposes, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management , 19, 1 , S23-S32. Ordonez , C., et al., 2010. Measuring building facades with a low-cost closerange photogrammetry system, Automation in Construction, 19, 6, 742749 . Williams, K.E., et al., 2012 . Accuracy Assessment Of Geo-referencing Methodologies For Terrestrial Laser Scan Site Surveys, ASPRS Annual Conference, Sacramento, California.