test 2- up- reading.pdfBài tập Anh 6 Bài

Bài tập Anh 6

1. READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on
on pages 2 and 3

The last man who knew everything

Questions 1-13, which are based on

In the 21st century, it would be quite impossible for even ine mes\lcomed
man to know everything. Howover, as recently as the 18h century, “here Y
those whose knowledge encompassed most ofthe informatio

that time. This is a review of a biography of one such man

‘Thomas Young (1773 ~ 1829) contributed
63 articles to the great British
encyclopaedia, Encyelopaedia Britannica,
including 46 biographical entries (mostly
on scientists and classical scholars), and
substantial essays on ‘Bridge’ (a card
game), Egypt, Languages and ‘Tides!
Was someone who could write
authoritatively about so many subjects a
genius, or adilettante™? In an ambitious
biography, Andrew Robinson argues that
Young isa good contender tobe described.
as the last man who knew everything
Young has competition, however: the
phrase which Robinson uses as the title
‘ot his biography of Young also serves as
the subtitle of two other recent
biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life
of palacontologist Joseph Leidy (1823 -
1891) and Paula Findlen's 2004 book on
Athanasius Kircher (1602 - 1680)

Young, of course, did more than write
encyclopaedia entries. He presented his
first paper, on the human eye, to the
prestigious academic institution, the
Royal Society of London** at the age of
20 and was elected a Fellow of the
Society shortly afterwards. In the paper,
which seeks o explain how the eye
focuses on objects at varying distances,
Young hypothesised that this was
achieved by changes in the shape ofthe
lens. He also theorised that light travels
in waves, and believed that, to be able to
see in colour, there must be three

Slotanto: someone whois not serious
«Royal Society of London: te odes.

receptors inthe ye corresponding othe
The principal colours (red, green and
viole) to which the retina gould spend
i Stee fypotheses wore subsequently
Ton be was Etes Young woe
instrumental iNefacking che code that
rocked nalen exit on he
oct Stone. a tablet found in Egypt by
the Napoleon army in 179. The sone
hav ext in three alphabts: Greek.
Spr haecogt po, and somthing
originally unrerognissbe. The
Srecneniaabl erp io nom known as
“demote and, as Young deduced, la
related dec 1 Egyptian Merogsphs
His nial work on this appeared in the
Britannien ent Egypt In another
entry, Young coined the term lade
Europea’ to deseribe the funy ot
languages spoken throught test of
Europe and northern Inia, These works
avo the landmark achievements of nea
ho was child prodigy but who uni
san remarkable children di sv tine
as an dul

Born in 1773 in Somerset in England
Young lived with his maternal .

excelled at Latin, Greet
and natural philosophy
term or sinc) fu
Was greatly encoura
Brocklesby, à phy.

k, mathematics

1 (the 18th-century
r leaving school, he
iged by Richard
sician and Fellow of

about any one subject
cient set In Botan

n Reading Passage y

2. the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby’s
lead, Young decided to pursue a career in
medicine. He studied in London and then
moved on to more formal education in
Edinburgh, Gottingen and Cambridge,
After completing his medical training at
‘the University of Cambridge in 1808,
Young set up practice as a physician in
London and few years later was
appointed physician at St. Georges
Hospital

Young skill asa physician, however,
id not equal hie talent ae a scholar of
natural philosophy or linguini, In
1801, he had been appointed to à
professorship of natural philosophy at
‘the Royal Institution, where he delivered
‘as many as 60 lectures a year His
opinions were requested by civic and
national authorities on matters such as
‘the introduction of gas lighting to Landon
Streets and methods of ship construction.
From 1819, he was superintondent ofthe
[Nautical Almanac and seeretary tothe
Board of Longitude. Between 1816 and
1825, he contributed many entries tothe
Encyclopaedia Britannica, and
‘throughout his career he authored
‘numerous other essays, papers and
book,

Young ls a perfect subject for a
biography = perfect, but daunting. Few
men contributed so much to so many.
technical Beds. Robinson am ato
introduce non-scentits to Young' work
“nd li. He suecceda providing clear
expositions of ch technical material
(especially that on optics and Egyptian
hieroglyphs, Some readers ofthis book
wil like Robinson, ind Young's
accomplishments impressive; others will
se him ax some historians have = ae a
Gilettante Yet despite the rich material
‘resented i tis book, readers will not
end up knowing Young personally, We
fateh glimpses of playful Young,
oodling Greek and Latin phrase in his
motes on medical lectures and translating
‘the verses that a young lady had writen
on the walls of a summerhouse into

Greck clogaes. Young was introduced
into elit society, attended the theatre
and learned to dance and play the flute.
In addition, he was an accomplished
horseman, However, his poreonal if
Tooke pale next to his vibrant career and
studies,

Young married Eliza Maxwell in
1804, and according to Robinson, oie
marriage was happy and ahe appreciated
his work. Almen all we know about her
is that she sustained hor husband
through some rancorous disputes about
‘optics and that she worried about money
When his medical career was low to take
of Little evidence survives concerning
the complextio of Young relationships
‘with his mother and father. Robinson
does not credit chem with shaping
Young extraordinary mind. Despite the
lack of details concerning Young's
relationship, however, anyone interested
im what lt means tobe a genius should
read this book

3. Questions 1-7

Leading Passage 17
tion given in Reading Passage

Do the folowing statements agree with the informal

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
es withthe information
TRUE it the statement agre informatio
FALSE ithe statement contrac th Informa

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on

as the ast man who knew everything’. we

ther people have been refered to
“The fact that Young's cnidhood brliance continued into adulthood was normal. "a ven

3 Youngs talents as a doctor are described as surpassing his other skis, (ae

4 Youngisadvice was sought by several bodies casnonsible for local and national

matters. true

Al Youngis-witan works were published in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. ‘aise
mn
A Young was inerestedin range of socal pastimes. sci ven
7 Younasuered from poscheath in his later years. not en

Questions 8-13
‘Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for

nite your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

How many Ho stores Thomas Young wre for the Encyclopaedia Bntannica? 46

Wat was he subject of Thomas Young's fst academic paper? inh

‘Wat name dí Young Be oa group of anquages? indo european

Vino inspired Young o enter the medical profession? urines

At which place of higher leaming did Yo,
pili Ng hold a teach
ing position? the roalinstulion

Vat was th improvement to London roads on which

pe ‘Young's ideas were sought?

4. READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7

Questions 14-20

Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A-G,

(Choose the correct heading for each section rom the st of healings below.

Wine the Correct number, xvi, boxes 14:20 on your answer shoot.

List of Headings

How new cating shes are created
‘The ris ofthe fashion ndusty

oiing the garment pieces together

Produeing matenals wih a range of features
“The importance ofthe fashion industry

Factors atfectng international commerce

‘Tho attractions of becoming a fashion model
Making patterns for people with diferent fgure

sectona Y

secione TI
Seciono JAY
Seciond |
Seaton E
Section

Sein à

5. The fashion industry

A The fashion industry is a mulibilion-dollar global enterprise devoted to the business of

ments, om designer
taking and seling does Il encompasses al types of garments, rom designe
fashions to ordinary everyday clothing, Because data an he industry are typical
repañed fr raoral economies, and expressed in tes os many separate Secor,
toll figures for world production o textes: and cating ae ii 0 over
by any measure, the Industry accounts for a significant share of world economie opi

rmid-19th century
“The fashiorndusr is a produ ‚ge. Prior to the mic
viualy olLcating was ha ivdvale, ether as home pcaduetion or on
order rom, tales. By the beginning of he 20h century: wh the |
Asp of now technologies suck a he seing nsenne, the development fhe
factor of production, and the growth of department storas-and other reta
SA cating had staat ne la at TERS h Ep ond
sol alí rces. Altough tne fashion industry developed Srs Europe, today itis
highly globalised, wth garments OTE desman one country. manufactured in
another, and soda ir For example -an-Ameteah Tashan Company might source
fahne renin vo ne does manufacure in Vetta fished aly and
shipped to a warehouse inthe Unted Stats for distribution to real outlets
international

One ofthe frst accomplishments of he Industrial Revolution in the 18th century was the

paral automaton ofthe png ang uzaung of we, cotton, Sk and cer nal
foxes. Today, these processes are highly automated and carried out by computer:
controle, igh-soged machinery, and fabics made fom both natural bres and

Kina ores (such as nylon, acyl, and polyester) are produced. A growing interest
in sustainable fashion (or eco fashion) has ed greater use of envranmentaly
fendlyRores, such as hemp. In addon, high-tech synthetic Tabics Confer such
Properties as mature absorption, stain resistance, retention or dissipation of body
heal, and protection against fre, weapons, cod, utvaviolel radiation and other Rásards.
Fabrics are also produced witha wide range of visual effects through dyeing, weavng
Printing, and other processes. Together vith fashion forecasters, fabric marufachrene
Work well in advance ofthe clothing production yal, to create fabrics win comers
textures, and other quals that anticipate consumer demand

Historically. very few fashion designers have become famous brands such as Coco
Chanel or Calvin Klein, who have pe as cos

been responsible for prestigious high-fashion ——"
colledions. These designers are influential in the fashion Wong But

or, But, contrary to popular

bel they do not dictate new fashions; rather they endeavour to design deter gos,

absited design techniques, These alow designers To rapido mapeo D} Computer
proposed design, and instantaneously share the proposda ease Shanges lo a

whether they ae in RA RON STO eine cha u

“textes: varieties of doth made rom natural or man-made fibres

6. ‘An important stage in garment production isthe translation of the clothing design into
templates, in a range of sizes, for uting the cloth. Because the proportions ofthe
human body change with increases or decreases in weight, templates cannot simply be
scaled up or down. Template making was traditionally a highly sklled profession

Today, despite innovations in computer programming, designs in larger sizes are
(fie 1 adust for every body shape. Whatever the size, the template - whether
‘drawn on paper or programmed as a st of computer instructions - determines how.
fabri is cut nt the pieces that wil be joined to make a garment. For all but the most
expensive clothing, fab cuting is accomplished by computer guided knives or high
intensity lasers that can cut many layers of fabric at once

‘The next stage of production i the assembly process. Some companies use their own
production facies for some or al ofthe manufacturing process, but the majority rely on
Separately owned manufacturing frms or contractors te produce garments 10 their
Specifications. Inthe RERTOTWOmemS cothing, mandtacturers Wpraly Proauce Several
produc ines a year, which they deliver to retallers on predetermined dates,
‘Technological novation, eluting the development of computer-guided machinery,

has resulted inthe automation of some stages of assembly. Nevertheless, the
andamental process of sewing remains labourintensive. Inthe late 20th century, China
‘emerged as the world's largest producer of elothing because of low labour costs and
highly dscipined workoree

Assembled tas ter ga engrais processes calce know a ishing

‘Thess nclude Te addon of decorate element, fasteners, brand-name labels, and
‘other labels (often legally require) spectying Tre content, laundry instructions, and
country of manufacture. Fnihed tems ae then pressed and packed for shipment

For much ofthe period following World War I, trade i textiles and garments was strictly
regulated by purchasing counties, which imposed quotas and tris. Since the 1980s,
these protectionist measures, which were intended (ultmately without success) to
prevent texto and clathing producton from moving for ngh-wage to low-wage
‘Counties, have gradual Been abandoned. They have been replaces by a ree-trade
‘approach, under the regulatory control of global organisations. The edvent of metal
Shipping containers an relatively inexpensive ar right have also made possible or
production to be closely tied to market conditions, even across globe-spanning
Sistancos

7. Questions 21-24
‘Complete the summary boow.
(Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Wie your answers in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.

‘The development of a modern fashion industry

Up unt the mile ofthe 191 century. people general wore handmade clothes. After that
the station changed, and by the 20th century many clothes were mass produced. This
evelopment was party due to inventions lke the 240015 was also the result of

{general changes in manufacturing systems, as well asthe spread of shops Ike 22... ARG AE
‘The changes also led 1 the standardisation a sizes and 23.225. Today, despite the

fact that the fashion industry originalen 24.002, has become a truly international

enterprise

Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters, AE.

ie he correct etrs in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

ich TWO of he folowing statements does the rer make about garment assembly?

The msjonyaLsewing ls done by computer-operated machines.
Hany leg workers are the most Imporlantiaalliament
MosLusinestes use other companies to manvfacua her products,
Fasteners and labels ar aachad after the clothe

dt a quan rg) nnd

8. READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 min

ee Dr nutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3

How a prehistoric predator took
to the skies

ls that a bird in the sky? A plane? No, it's a
pterosaur. Kate Thomas meets Professor Matthew
Wilkinson, who built a life-size model to find out

how this prehistoric predator ever got off the
ground

SEE) Sera rene
eos ales (ae ye oe eo men
Mes tS active airborne, but ‘Sree parir hi slo sas
en eS
wondered e eue thought thera et woud be fo actualy

number of very well-preserved ave been eno nef
Bterosaurs, The anhanguera - a creatures to Croma à

a tat can ve bath in water and on and
amphiians: animals

9. LEE no oe ated compan cf
working ou technique.
nike those of bats or lying squires,
plerosaur wings = sft, stretchy
Membres GP UT Vague» are thought
Lo have reached from the chest right to
the ankle, reinforced by ihres that
stiffened the wing and prevented tearing,
Smaller subspecies flapped ther wings
during takeol That may have explained
the creatures’ lexbily, but di not
answer the most pressing question: how
did such heavy animals manage to launch
themselves into the sey? Working with
researchers In London and Bertin,
Wilkinson began to plece together the
puzzle,

It emerged that the anhanguera had
‘an elongated limb called the prole. It
had previously been thought the pteroió
pointed towards the shoulder of
{Ereature and supported a soft forewing in
front of the arm. But that were the
case, the forewing would have been too
Small an fal or fight. However,
to the surprise of many scientists, fossils
from the Ararpe basin showed the

roi possibly faced the opposite way,
rosa much arater ening that
‘would havecaughtibe af, working in the
Same av as the fans on the wings an
astaplane So, with both feet on the
Ground, the anhanguera Re have
Simply faced to the wind, spread fs
win e sky. Iii
{raisin wind tunnels proved the point -
models of pterosaurs with forward-facing
pteroids were no only adept at gliding,
But were agile Myers In sie of thelr te.
“Tis high capablity would have,
significantly reduced the minimum fight
Speed, allowing even the largest forms to
‘ke off wthovt ficult," Wikinson
says. Te would have enabled them to
de very slowly and may have been
instrumental in the evolution of large size
by the pterosaurs.”

Resting inthe grass at the test site
near Cambridge, the robot-model' wings
Fipple in the wind. In fight, the flexible
membrane, while much ster than the
real thing, allows for a smooth takeof
and landing. But the model has been

other mechanical problems.
rouble ra, we 6 stabilised by
2 ing at tne back, the model is
theta 09 us nea, wich means can
a Oh around. That's the most

blematic bit as far as we're
roles Miinson says. We've had to
tre the nead so fr
he Mesa ts head attached,
Winon SA maty nove proved his
ine

reso what's next for the zoologist -
maps à ASE Tyrannosaurus rex?
‘one tells me: We're desperate to
Bald realy bi pterosaurs, tm talking
Creatures ever rele sont,
Areghing a quarter of ton. But he
Micky as one begin to fear for the
Stay ane ares levels of plots landing
Fear at cambridge y Airport.
more lily wel tart of wth one ofthe
Small Mapping pterosaurs. Ths is
rain more reassuring. Let's hope he
SS content to leave at thet

10. Questions 27-32
Complete the summary using the ist of words, AL, below
Wie he come eter, Ar in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet

Perosaurs are belived to have existed uni he end ofthe Cretaceous period, They are
assed as 27 … D... which were capable of ight, although, unlke modem species, they
had some 28... , which is evidence of her having had warm Blood. There are two
theories as to how they moved on land: perhaps wth al tner feet or by using
their29......... only. Another mystery has concemed the aby of he plerosaur to fy
despite its immense 30... and he fact that the bones making up th wing id not
have great 31... Thanks to reptile fo found in Bazi, we now know thatthe
subspecies known as anhanguera had wings that were 12 metres across and that it mainly

survived on 32...

fontteet Bish © dinosaurs
replies E fembity F hndlege
amphibians Hi bids 1 strength
Welt Ke tai L har

(Questions 33-36
Do the following statements agree with the claims ofthe wrier in Reading Passage 37
In boxes 33:36 on your answer sheet write

ves ‘the statment agrees with he clans of the writer

no Ifthe statement contradets the claims of Ma water
NOTGIVEN. Is Impossible to say what the writer thinks about tis

itis raft Ind a fos of a pterosaurthat clearly shows its stos == (Nf

“The reason for bulding the model was to prove plerosaurs few for long distances

His possible that pterosaur species achieved their wing size as a resul ofthe
plorod. os

Wikinson has made several unsuccessful replicas of he perosaur's head, no! given

11. Questions 37 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Mit ie comet letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet

37. What was Professor Wikinson's main problem, according tothe third paragraph?

A Eatly amphibians had a more complex structure than plerosaurs
B | Perosaur wings could easy be damaged while on the ground,
© Fiying squireis and bats were better adapted to fying than

pierosaurs
a) Large pterosaurs were not able to take off ike other fying animals.
What SP!

fessor Wilkinson discover about a bone In plerosaurs called a pteroid?

12 wasin an unexpeces postion

Bese ony in age spaces of tercera
allowed pterosaurs to ge rather than fy
D Itinerensedihe speed pterosaurs could reach in the ar

According tothe writer, the main psblenrtr the remote-controlled‘pteros@ur’ is
that

‘thas been unable te leave the ground so far.
LED tcamot be controled when is head is attached
is wing matenal isnot flexible enough
D the force ofthe wind may affect ts test results

What does tin the last sentence refer 10?

Wikirsors sense of achievement
GEl Minor ar ould moda
the comparison between type of models