Textual Aids lesson in Grade 10-Quarter 1

Graphic Organizers, text aid

1. Textual Aids Textual Aids: are educational instruments, tools, or materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts. These are most of the time graphical outlines or images that gives general idea . Examples: graphic organizers, adding chart, graphs, diagrams, maps, table, words highlighted, bolded and idealized and many more

2. 1. Cause & Effect Diagram Most beneficial organizer since it can be applied to all subject areas . — Emphasizes the connection between the different concepts.

3. 2. Flow Diagram Sequence chart that shows series of events in order . You can use this if you have a concept that has steps or has a certain order or sequence.

4. 3. Venn Diagram Most commonly used textual aid . — Used to identify, classify, categoze and recognize similarities and differences of two or more subject, ideas, thoughts, and/or concepts . - This is an instructional tool that can be found in hand-outs, textbooks, and even on standardized examination.

5. 4. Graphic Organizers Usually created or designed for those who have trouble organizing information and thoughts . — Visual displays of key content information designed to benefit learners who have difficulty organizing information (Fisher & Schumaker , 1995). These are meant to help those students to visualize ideas that are organized.

6. 5. Concept Maps General organizer or textual aids that can show the central thought with its matching characteristics. Helpful and excellent for brainstorming, refreshing stock knowledge, and/or generating alternative expressions. Used to show or rank the hierarchical relationships as the most significant concept or concepts should be placed at a time.

7. ETHICS IN PUBLIC SPEAKING Public speaking involves not only conveying information but also carrying a responsibility to communicate ethically. Ethical public speaking encompasses a set of principles and practices that guide speakers to engage in truthful , respectful , and responsible communication while addressing diverse audiences. Upholding ethical standards in public speaking is crucial for building trust , maintaining credibility , and ensuring the impact of the message .

8. ETHICS IN PUBLIC SPEAKING

9. Key Ethical Considerations : Honesty and Integrity: Speakers should provide accurate information and avoid misrepresenting facts or exaggerating claims. This includes avoiding plagiarism and giving credit to sources when using others' work. Transparency: Speakers should be transparent about their intentions, affiliations, and biases. Concealing conflicts of interest or hidden agendas can erode trust. Respect: Speakers should treat their audience with respect and dignity, regardless of differing viewpoints or backgrounds. Avoiding offensive language and respecting cultural sensitivities is essential .

10. Audience-Centeredness : Speakers should tailor their message to the needs and expectations of the audience. This involves understanding the audience's knowledge, beliefs, and values. Inclusivity: Speakers should strive to include diverse perspectives and avoid marginalizing any group. Discriminatory language or exclusionary content should be avoided. Accountability: Speakers should take responsibility for their words and actions. Addressing mistakes or misinterpretations promptly and transparently is important for maintaining credibility. Research and Attribution: Speakers should conduct thorough research to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. Properly attributing sources helps maintain academic and intellectual integrity.

11. Case Study 1: The Plagiarized Speech You are a student running for class president. You found a fantastic speech online that perfectly encapsulates your ideas and beliefs. You decide to use it without giving credit to the original author. Your speech receives widespread praise. Is this ethical? Why or why not?

12. Guiding questions for discussion : 1 . What potential consequences could arise from making unethical choices in these situations? 2 . How might unethical behavior in public speaking affect the speaker's credibility and reputation? 3 . What values or principles should a responsible public speaker uphold when facing ethical dilemmas? 4 . How can ethical considerations impact the effectiveness of a public speaker's message?

13. ETHICS IN PUBLIC SPEAKING

14. Ethical Dilemmas in Public Speaking : Balancing Persuasion and Honesty: Speakers may face the challenge of being persuasive while staying truthful. Avoiding manipulative tactics that exploit emotions or mislead the audience is key. Selecting and Framing Information: Deciding what information to include and how to frame it can impact the audience's perception. Speakers must present a balanced view while avoiding cherry-picking facts. Addressing Controversial Topics: Presenting diverse perspectives on controversial topics is essential for ethical communication. Failing to do so can lead to bias and a skewed representation of the issue. Handling Sensitive Information: Speakers may encounter sensitive personal stories or confidential data. Ethical considerations involve obtaining consent and maintaining privacy. Respecting Time Limits: Staying within allotted time limits respects the audience's time and demonstrates professionalism.

15. Benefits of Ethical Public Speaking : Credibility : Ethical speakers are more likely to be trusted and respected by their audience. Effective Communication: Ethical communication fosters understanding and engagement with the audience. Long-Term Impact: Ethical speakers build lasting relationships and positive reputation, leading to continued opportunities for effective communication. Personal Integrity: Upholding ethical standards in public speaking aligns with personal values and contributes to one's integrity .

16. Case Study 1: The Misleading Statistics You are a salesperson presenting a new product to potential customers. You include impressive statistics about the product's performance, but you know that these statistics are only accurate in specific circumstances. Is it ethical to use these statistics? How might this affect your credibility?

17. Case Study 2: The Paid Endorsement You're a popular social media influencer and have been offered a substantial amount of money to endorse a product that you've never used or don't believe in. Your followers trust your opinions. Is it ethical to promote a product solely for financial gain, even if you have reservations about its quality?

18. “GUESS THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATION”

19. 1. Speakers should treat their audience fairly, regardless of differing viewpoints or backgrounds. Avoiding offensive language and recognizing cultural sensitivities is essential . RESPECT

20. 2. Speakers should provide accurate information and avoid misrepresenting facts or exaggerating claims. This includes avoiding plagiarism and giving credit to sources when using others' work. Honesty and Integrity

21. 3. Speakers should be clear about their intentions, affiliations, and biases. Avoid concealing conflicts of interest or hidden agendas that can erode trust. TRANSPARENCY

22. 4. Speakers should take responsibility for their words and actions. Addressing mistakes or misinterpretations promptly is important for maintaining credibility. ACCOUNTABILITY

23. 5. Speakers should tailor their message to the needs and expectations of the audience. This involves understanding the audience's knowledge, beliefs, and values. Audience-Centeredness

24. 6. The act of presenting someone else's ideas, words, work, or creations as your own, without giving them proper credit or acknowledgment. PLAGIARISM

25. 7. Speakers should conduct thorough study to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. Properly crediting sources helps maintain academic and intellectual integrity . Research and Attribution

26. Speakers should strive to include diverse perspectives and avoid marginalizing any group. Discriminatory language or exclusionary content should be avoided. INCLUSITIVITY

27. 1 Deep in the heart of the Enchanted Forest, there was a peculiar tree known as the Whispering Willow. This tree was unlike any other, for it possessed the magical ability to communicate with those who sought its wisdom . 2 One sunny morning, a young girl named Eliza ventured into the forest. She had heard tales of the Whispering Willow's mystical powers and was determined to seek its guidance. With every step she took, the forest seemed to come alive with vibrant colors and strange creatures. Birds with iridescent feathers sang melodious tunes, and butterflies the size of her hand danced in the dappled sunlight .   3 Finally , Eliza arrived at the clearing where the Whispering Willow stood tall and wise. She approached the tree, and as she did, the leaves rustled softly, as if the tree were greeting her. Eliza shared her dilemma with the tree, and it responded with a gentle sway of its branches .   4 The Whispering Willow whispered secrets of courage, kindness, and the importance of following one's heart. It imparted ancient wisdom that filled Eliza with a sense of purpose. Grateful for the tree's guidance, Eliza bid it farewell and returned home, forever changed by her encounter with the Enchanted Forest's mystical guardian.

28. Reflexive and intensive pronouns

29. Guitar A BOUGHT Lily herself. The I MOVIE myself WATCHED.

30. Reflexive pronoun Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer back to the subject of a sentence . They are used when the subject of the sentence is also the object of the action. Reflexive pronouns help show that the action is being performed by and directed back to the same person or thing . Reflexive pronouns are typically formed by adding "self" (singular) or "selves" (plural) to the end of personal pronouns.

31. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Here are some common reflexive pronouns : Myself Yourself (singular) Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves (plural) Themselves

32. EXAMPLES OF REFLEXIVE PRONOUN IN SENTENCES: She looked at herself in the mirror. They congratulated themselves on their achievement. He hurt himself while playing.

33. INTENSIVE pronoun Intensive pronouns are used to emphasize a preceding noun or pronoun in a sentence. They don't serve a grammatical function like reflexive pronouns do. Instead, they add emphasis or intensity to the sentence. Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive pronouns. The key difference is how they are used in the sentence to provide emphasis.

34. EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE PRONOUN IN SENTENCES: I myself witnessed the event. She, herself , is responsible for the project's success. The president himself addressed the nation.

35. GROUP TASK

36. Use the following words as reflexive and intensive pronouns in sentences: One sentence for each. herself (reflexive) t hemselves (intensive)

37. In a ¼ sheet of paper, write R if the pronoun used is reflexive and I if it is intensive . She prepared the meal herself. He himself organized the event. The dog washed itself after playing in the mud. She dressed herself in her best attire. The book itself is a work of art.

38. QUIZ TIME

39. Reflexive and intensive pronouns

40. She looked at herself in the mirror to check her makeup. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

41. She herself will present the award at the ceremony. INTENS IVE PRONOUN

42. The president himself addressed the nation . INTENS IVE PRONOUN

43. He hurt himself while playing soccer . REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

44. They congratulated themselves on their excellent performance. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

45. They themselves organized the charity event. INTENSIVE PRONOUN

46. She taught herself how to play the guitar . REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

47. The cat groomed itself by licking its fur. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

48. She painted the entire mural herself . INTENSIVE PRONOUN

49. I myself witnessed the accident. INTENSIVE PRONOUN

50. PROSODIC FEATURES

51. SCIENCE TIME

52. M_TH B_LLS

53. FR_St

54. PHASE CHANGE

55. SUBLIMATION AND DEPOSITION

56. - the change from solid to gas - examples: moth balls, car freshener, bathroom freshener, and dry ice SUBLIMATION

57. - the change from gas to solid - examples: frost and dry ice DEPOSITION

58. SUBLIMATION OR DEPOSITION

59. SUBLIMATION OR DEPOSITION