The-19th-century-philippines-as-rizals-Report.pptx

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1. The 19 th century philippines as rizal’s context Presented by : Group 1 john russel s. robines John kennith c. adventurado urjie j. ortado Ara jane v. capiong Abel e. alabastro John kyle r. tucao diodonya r. deguitos

2. Discussion “ Man is partly the product of his time. His life and his message are affected by his environment and the event that take place in the world he lives in.” 19 th century was the era of challenges and responses. It is the period of major challenges that affect man and society. Age of Enlightenment.

3. Jose Rizal was born in the 19 th century. During this time, Spain’s glory and rule as a colonial power was already warning. The natives of the Philippines were slowly realizing the need to awaken their national consciousness. This was sparked by movements against the oppression of the Spanish colonizers.

4. It was Jose Rizal who first used the word Filipino to refer to the inhabitants of the country, whether they are of Spanish or Filipino blood. Indios - native inhabitants Filipinos- inhabitants with Spanish blood ( peninsulares , insulares , mestizo) He realized that the people residing in the Philippines should be called one name Filipino.

5. Economic Development Before the Spanish occupation our Forefathers have already been trading with the Chinese, the Japanese, the inhabitants of Siam, the Indians, Cambodians and with the natives of Borneo and Mollucas . When the Spaniards arrived the Spanish government carried on the existing trade relationships with this countries for a period .

6. Galleon Trade (Manila- Acapulco Trade) Connected the Philippines with Mexico for 250 years. It was a government monopoly of two trading ships, one navigated from Acapulco in Mexico to Manila for 120 days with some 500,000 pesos worth of merchandise and the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco for 90 days with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods. Philippines sent mangoes, tamarinds, rice, carabao, Chinese tea textiles, tuba (coconut wine) to Mexico while guava, avocado, papaya, pineapple and etc. was sent by Mexico to Philippines. This economic transaction was ended on September 14, 1815 when Mexico gained its independence from Spain and it was abolished because of the efforts of Valentin Delos Santos our representative in Spanish Cortes (1810-1813).

7. Suez Canal It was an artificial way that connects the Red Sea and Mediterranean Egypt. On November 17, 1869 afforded the Philippines and Spain a relatively effortless maritime route for Spanish trading. Started off as an agreement between Ferdinand de Lesseps, Cairo's former French diplomat and the Ottoman governor of Egypt in 1854 for the former to construct a 100-mile canal across the Isthmus of Suez. The construction commenced in April 1859 with forced laborers digging by hand with picks and shovels. European workers though with dredgers and steam shovels later arrived. It decreased the travel time of Philippines to Spain from 3 months to 32-40 days.

8. Suez Canal was the first infrastructure that paved the way for the importation of books, magazines and newspaper with liberal ideas from Europe and America. This was instrumental to the political awakening of Rizal because he was able to expand his perspective, therefore shaping his nationalist sensibilities. Jose V. Basco who became the first Governor-General to the Philippines under the Bourbon reign arrived in the country in 1778 when the Galleon Trade was a failing venture. The European industrialization and other countries in the West brought an increased demand for raw materials which meant that the Philippines can take advantage of its agricultural potential towards economic transformation. Basco's economic program of developing and promoting agriculture in the country in order to Transform the Philippines into a financially sufficient colony.

9. Economic History: Opening the Philippines to the World Commerce. 1815-1830 -the last Galleon arrived in (Manila to Acapulco) 1834- Manila officially opened to the world commerce. The rise of Haciendas and the"cash -crop economy.“ Expansion of export products in Europe to Suez Canal (1869). The Philippines became a major exporter (sugar, tobacco, coffee and abaca) and became well known in other parts of the world. 3 1834-1873- Different Ports were opened; Sual (Pangasinan), Iloilo, Zamboanga, Cebu and Legazpi.

10. Effects to the Economy of the Philippines 1. Filipino's life prosper due to the vigorous economic activity in the colony. 2. Modern methods of agriculture were introduced. 3. The means of transportation and communication improve. 4. Emergence of the Middle-Class. 5. More Filipinos able to study in Europe; and 6. Acquired material, wealth and improved social life.

11. Social Development: Birth of the Middle Class Five (5) Social Classes in the Philippines Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain) Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines) = Filipino Middle Class (Spanish Mestizos or Mestizos de Español ; the principalia and the Chinese mestizos or mestizos de Sangley ) Chinese - (people from china migrated in the Philippines.) Indio- Malayan inhabitant in the archipelago) =Filipino

12. Peninsulares They are the highest class in the Philippines, entrusted with the offices of high rank. Pure blooded Spaniards born from Spain and sent to Spanish colonies to govern. Insulares They are rank below the peninsulares . The insulares or criollos are of European descent but born in the colonies of Spain. A son or daughter of a Spanish couple is an insulare . Eventually, they may have been inter- marrying with Filipinos or other races here in the country, thus producing the mestizos.

13. Mestizo de Español They are offsprings of Spanish people interbreeding with Filipinos. Mestizo is a term given to individuals inheriting foreign ancestry. They may or may not have European or other racial features despite popular belief. Originally, the term was used in Latin America but was later adopted here in the country to children of racial inter- marriage.

14. Mestizo de Sangley Not all mestizo are indexed or are coming from Europeans. A person of Filipino or any racial descent marrying a Chinese, the result is children that will be called mestizo de sangley . They developed the commercial agriculture and owned several haciendas of sugar, coffee and hemp. Later, they became the education and finance leaders because of non- existence of Spanish Mestizos ascended to position of power in Philippine society. Inquilinos - (Central Luzon ) Pacto de retro (pawn the land or sanglang bigay )

15. Tornatras Is an old Spanish term fora person of mixed ancestry from Spanish, Filipino and Chinese. Ilustrados (enlightenment/ Intellectuals)

16. Political development Political Situation in Spain during the 19 th century There was a struggle between Liberals and Conservatives. Spain lost most, if not all of its colonies in South America in the 19th century. How did this affect the Philippines? Constant practice of replacing Governor Generals (41 in span of 45 years.) Dumping ground for inept bureaucrats Failure to make or achieve consistent policies There was political instability.

17. By and large, there was rampant graft and corruption typified by: Failure to provide for the basic needs like public works, schools and peace and order. Taxes were never fully utilized Limited participation of Filipinos in government.

18. The colonial government resolved the latter with more improve surveillance mechanism and regulatory procedures. Governor-General Narciso Claveria's 1849 decree mandating people to take on surnames, undergo registration and be in possession of cedula indicating one's name and residence as well as the employment of guardia civil that assumed a facilitative function of carrying out the colonial government policies. Additionally, since the economy required an educated labor force to handle trading, the Spanish colonial government was obliged to issue an order in 1836 that ensured literacy through primary schools in towns. This ultimately brought about, after centuries of Spanish occupation, the enactment of a decree in 1863 which mandated free access to modern public education for all Filipinos, which rendered the teaching of Spanish compulsory and which afforded the country a complete educational system comprised of primary, secondary and tertiary education. This resulted from the changes in the Philippines education policy prompted by the economic development of the 19th century.

19. Cultural Development The Ilustrados , otherwise known as the "enlightened ones", were the educated class in the Philippines society during the Spanish occupation. They were instrumental in paving the way for the Creation of the Propaganda Movement. The rapid spread of higher education among middle and lower-middle class Filipinos accelerated Filipino nationalism .

20. Role of the Jesuits: The Jesuits were responsible for the creation of the Escuela Normal de Maestros or superior Normal school (1865) and Ateneo de Municipal. They instilled among Filipino students a sense of nationalism through their humanistic form of education . They inculcated in the minds of students the principles of human justice and equality of all men. The Jesuits were unlike other friars, who were educators but did not do too much to educate the Filipinos. Instead of being proud of the excellent performance of their Filipino students, most of the friars felt quite suspicious with their success and invariably sought to pull them down. This was one of the reasons why Rizal left in the Philippines.

21. Experience of Filipino Students in Spain How did the experience of Filipino students in Spain accelerate Filipino nationalism? * After experiencing the liberties in Spain and noticing how it was different compared to the Philippines. * They saw the backwardness of Spain compared to other European nations and saw how Spain cannot manage their own political problem. Sent 

22. Conclusion