The 4 areas of development in children (age group3 to 6 years)

Information about the four areas of development: physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. And the role of parents in the same.

1. Bombay Cambridge Gurukul

3. Childrengrow,develop,andlearnthroughouttheir
lives,startingatbirth.Achild’sdevelopmentcan
be
observedinhows/heplays,learns,speaksand
behaves.Allchildrendevelopattheirownpace.
There are four main areas of development that
occur all at the same time: They are
•Physical development
•Cognitive development
•Social development
•Emotional development

4. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

5. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Gross(orlarge)motorskillsinvolvelargermuscles
includingthearmsandlegs.Actionsrequiringgross
motorskillsincludewalking,running,balancingand
coordination.Whenevaluatinggrossmotorskills,the
factorsthatexpertslookatincludestrength,muscle
tone,movementqualityandtherangeofmovement.
Fine(orsmall)motorskillsinvolvethesmaller
musclesinthefingers,toes,eyesandotherareas.The
actionsthatrequirefinemotorskillstendtobemore
intricate,suchasdrawing,colouring,threading,
writing,graspingobjects,throwing,tearing,
crumpling,wavingandcatching.

7. What parents can do to encourage
Physical Development
•Feedyourchildnutritionalmeals.
•Establishatimeforthemtosleepatleast10to
12hours.
•Completeallstandardimmunizations.
•Takethemforregularmedicalanddental
checkups.
•Teachthemaboutgoodhygiene.

8. What parents can do to encourage
Physical Development
•Limitsedentary‘screentime’(computer/TV)to
nomorethan2hoursperday.
•Playmusicsothattheycandance/swaytoit
whileenjoyingit.
•Takethemoutforsometimeeverydaytoaplace
wheretheycanplay(andpracticelargemotor
skillslikebalancing,climbing,runningetc.)

9. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

10. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Thisistheprocessofacquiringintelligenceand
problemsolvingability.Thisisthedevelopment
ofaperson’sabilitytolearn.
Cognitivedevelopmentreferstogrowthinthe
areaoflanguage(speaking,usingbody
languageandgestures,communicating,and
understandingwhatotherssay)togather
information,organizeanduseit,thinkingand
learningskillsincludingattention,planning,
problem-solvingandmemory.

11. Animportantconceptincognitive
developmentisthat‘Teaching’shouldbe
age-appropriate.Thatis,teachingshould
takeplaceatalevelthatisneithertoo
difficultandstressfulnortooeasyand
boring.E.g.Itisnotagoodstrategytotryto
pushchildrentoreadbeforetheyare
developmentallyready;butwhentheyare
ready,readingmaterialsoftheappropriate
levelshouldbepresentedtothem.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

12. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

13. What parents can do to encourage
Cognitive Development
•Givechildrenchoices.
•Askchildrenfortheiropinionsthroughopen
endedquestions.
•Acknowledgeyourchild’sattemptsandnotjust
theirsuccesses.
•Helpchildrendevelopattentionand
concentrationbymakingsurethatquiettimeis
setasideforlearningtaskswithoutTVorother
distractions.

14. What parents can do to encourage
Cognitive Development
•Get to know your child’s strengths and weaknesses.
•Focushis/herattentionbypointingoutthingsthat
areinterestingandbyaskingthemaboutwhatthey
noticedandencouragingthemtoexpressthoughts.
•Resistpressuretoteachortointroduceacademic
kindsofexperiences.Childrenwilllearnthenames
ofcolorsandshapesinthecourseofnormal
conversationsifyouusethemnaturally.

15. •Givethemafreeenvironmentwithoutanytight
limitsandyoumayseethemusingplaymaterialsin
waysyounevereverthoughtof.
•Tellthemstories.
•Helpthemlearnsequencingbyencouragingthemto
tellstoriesortheday’seventsbacktoyou.
•Curbyourdesiretogivetoomuchhelp;encourage
yourchild’sproblem-solving.
•Choosetheschoolboardbasedonthechild’s
potential.
What parents can do to encourage
Cognitive Development

16. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

17. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Socialdevelopmentreferstotheprocessbywhich
achildlearnstointeractwithothersaround
him/her.Astheydevelopandperceivetheirown
individualitywithintheircommunity,theyalso
gainskillstocommunicatewithotherpeopleand
processtheiractions.Socialdevelopmentmost
oftenreferstohowachilddevelopsfriendshipsand
otherrelationships,aswellashowachildhandles
conflictwithpeers.
Social development is learning how to behave and
get on well with others.

18. Socialdevelopmentstartsatbirth.
Thefoundationsarelaidintheearlyyears.
Socialdevelopmentoccurswithinrelationships.
Socialskillsarecrucialtosuccessatschoolandin
theworld.
A Person who is social:
Is friendly and optimistic.
Participates in group work
Makes relevant contributions.
Is interested in others.
Has an understanding of others’ reaction to them.
Has positive non verbal interaction.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

19. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

20. Thisistheabilityto
Understandandrecognizeownemotionsand
feelings.
Expressemotionsandfeelingsappropriately.
Recognizeandrespondtoemotionsandfeelings
ofothers.
Showgoodcivicbehaviorinsociety.
Havehealthyrelationshipswithothers.
The development of such abilities through time
results in a person’s degree of “Emotional
Intelligence.”
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

21. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Children’sabilitiesforrecognizing,understanding
andmanagingtheiremotionsareinfluencedbythe
waystheadultswhocareforthemacknowledge
andrespondtotheirfeelings.
Childrenwhoareemotionallystableandhealthy
benefitbybeingmoreattentivetolearning,feeling
goodaboutthemselves,havingmorefriendsand
beingabletobettercontroltheirbehaviour.
So it’s very critical that parents provide support
and guidance for their children’s emotional
development.

22. SOCIAL –EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

23. What parents can do to encourage
Social Development
•Giveyourchildopportunitiestoplaywith
otherchildren.
•Helpthemlearntorespectothersthrough
adultactions,words,storiesand
conversations.
•Encourageyourchildtosayplease,thank
youandsorrybyusingthosewordsyourself
withyourchildandothersathome.

24. What parents can do to encourage
Social Development
•Teachthemtocleanandstraightenupatthe
endoftheirplaytime.
•Appreciatewhenhe/shesharessomethingwith
friends.
•Acceptyourchild’sfeelings.Promote
expressionoffeelingsinage-appropriate
ways.

25. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
•Developresponsiveandconsistentcare-giving
routines.
•Providesafetyandsecurityphysicallyand
emotionally.
•Donotdemandperfectionfromyourchildat
thisage.
•Givethemsmallresponsibilitiesathome.

26. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
•Provideanurturingandaffectionate
environment.
•Answertheirquestionsandgivetheright
informationabouttheirbodiesandtheworld
aroundthem.
•Haveastructureddaysothatyourchildfeels
secure.

27. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
•Showyourchildrenrespect.Encouragerespect
andappreciationfordifferences.
•Complimentyourchildwhenyoucatchhim/her
doinggood.Givespecificpraiseforanything
donewell.
•Donotmakethemfeelguiltyorshamethemin
anyway.

28. What parents can do to encourage
Emotional Development
•Helpchildrendevelopself-esteembyaccepting
andrespectingtheirefforts.
•Helpchildrendevelopapositiveattitudeby
beingtrustworthymodels.
•Keepinstructionsclearandsimple.
•Nurtureyourownsocialandemotional
wellness.

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