The ABCs of Literacy An Alphabet Book about Key Literacy Concepts

An Alphabet Book about Key Literacy Concepts

1. The ABCs Of Literacy BY BROOKE PARSONS

2. CBM-R Curriculum-based measurement in reading NWF Nonsense word fluency WIF Word identification fluency (January et al., 2016) Dibels Exit tickets ASSESSMENT Formative assessment tools offer valuable insights into students' learning progress, enabling teachers to refine and improve future instruction. Formative assessment typically occurs informally and continuously during teaching. Summative assessment evaluates learning outcomes based on accumulated data. It is formal, comprehensive, and conducted after the instructional period (Gezer et al., 2021). Assessment involves understanding student progress, gauging comprehension, and identifying misconceptions. Regular and frequent assessments are crucial for this process. Pre-assessments help establish a baseline for student knowledge and skills. EXAMPLES

3. KWL charts (What you know, What you want to know, and what you learned) (Sayer & Anilan , 2021) Activating background knowledge enables readers to identify key story elements better and engage in higher-order comprehension skills, such as making inferences (Henry & Solari , 2022). BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Background knowledge and prior knowledge are crucial. STRATEGY KNOW WANT TO KNOW LEARNED

4. Previewing Activating prior knowledge Predicting Questioning Visualizing Summarizing Identifying the main idea Teach text structure (American College of Education, 2024) COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES It is a cognitive process that delves beyond the surface level to derive meaning from text, transforming printed symbols into understood concepts (Sayer & Anilan , 2021). Direct instruction on reading strategies improves comprehension.

5. Assessment is both frequent and effective. Flexible grouping Strategies such as multiple intelligences, journal prompts, tiered lessons, and independent studies are utilized. Teachers and students collaborate closely, with students actively participating in decision-making. Reading buddies utilized Manipulatives with some, but not all Text of different levels (American College of Education, 2024) Using differentiated instruction fosters the development of a more inclusive and efficient learning atmosphere tailored to each student's individual needs. DIFFERENTIATION Differentiation entails modifying content, methods, and educational objectives to ensure equitable student success opportunities (Unal et al., 2022).

6. Technology Games Reader’s Theatre Giving Choices Cooperative Learning Hands-on Learning Group Work Emotionally Supportive Teacher ENGAGEMENT Engaging classroom environments foster active participation, attention, collaboration, and a love for learning. IDEAS

7. Repeated readings Shared reading Readers Theatre Charting Progress Partner Reading Choral Reading Echo Reading Fluency is an excellent predictor of reading success. FLUENCY Reading the text accurately, quickly, and with expression IDEAS

8. Story maps, Problem-solving maps, Sequential maps Venn Diagrams, Concept maps Story maps, Spider maps Series of Event Chain Network trees, Fishbone maps (Singleton & Filce , 2015) GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS Graphic organizers enhance reading comprehension, deepen understanding, aid in retention, and activate prior knowledge, facilitating meaningful connections (Jefferson et al., 2017). EXAMPLES

9. Including hands-on learning and cooperative learning will increase engagement. HANDS ON LEARNING Hands-on learning and cooperative learning have many benefits. IDEAS Group projects Think Pair Share Buddies Project-based learning Field trips

10. INTERVENTION Research supports early intervention for struggling readers (Austin et al., 2018) When children receive evidence-based, scientifically supported reading interventions, their reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension improve significantly. These interventions enhance their reading skills and activate all three critical regions of the left side of the brain. (American College of Education, 2024)

11. Double entry journals Reflection Journal Science Journal Math Journal JOURNAL IDEAS Write about what they learned Write about what they read Write to communicate understaning

12. KINDERGARTEN Young children develop early literacy and language through play. Play in kindergarten offers numerous benefits, including language development during both indoor and outdoor interest centers. It allows children to express their feelings, experiment with emotions, and discover ways to manage them. Additionally, play engages cognitive functions, such as planning, executing plans, and resolving conflicts (Bluiett, 2018). Sociodramtic play Building blocks legos IDEAS

13. LITERACY Literacy extends beyond just reading and writing; it includes the capacity to generate, communicate, and negotiate ideas. It involves actively and meaningfully engaging with content through text, encompassing critical thinking and response. ( Kurki , 2015). Literacy has been defined as the “way we read the world.” (American College of Education, 2024) IDEAS Provide a variety of texts. (songs, poetry, movies, YouTube videos, paintings, comics, etc.) Give Choice

14. Researchers have identified a correlation between students' morphological awareness skills and reading, spelling, comprehension, and vocabulary abilities (Good et al., 2015). MORPHOLOGY IDEAS Word sorts Word maps Explore how adding affixes changes words Teach students common roots, prefixes, and suffixes to help them decipher unfamiliar words.

15. Finacial / Ecomnomic Literacy Digital Literacy Health Literacy Critical Literacy Visual Literacy Cultural Linguistic NEW LITERACIES New literacies foster collaboration and active participation, empowering students to create and develop knowledge. Emphasizing student interests and motivation is critical to this approach. NEW LITERACIES

16. Choice Board Project-based learning Book selection OPTIONS AND CHOICES Empowering learners by providing choices and options enhances their investment and motivation in the learning process (American College of Education, 2024). IDEAS

17. Phonological Awareness Activities: Rhyming Words, Syllable Segmentation, Initial Sound Identification, Blending Sounds, Segmenting Sounds Phonics Activities: Letter-Sound Correspondence , Word Families , Digraph Detective , Word Building, Decodable Texts Phonological awareness is the most essential prerequisite skill for reading. Rhyming, counting syllables, and manipulating sounds in words are essential for developing reading skills (Goswami, 2015 PROVIDE PHONEMIC AWARENESS/PHONICS INSTRUCTION Phonological awareness is the ability to reflect on sound patterns of words. IDEAS Phonics involves understanding the relationship between sounds and their corresponding letters or letter combinations. Early, explicit, and systematic instruction in phonics is highly recommended ( Rickenbrode & Walsh, 2013).

18. Use Bloom’s Taxonomy QUESTIONS Using questioning strategies that promote higher-order thinking, going beyond seeking knowledge. Creating essential questions that prompt students to consider and learn the “Big Ideas” and content standards (Virgin, 2014). IDEAS

19. Budgeting Measuring Gardening REAL LIFE, RELEVANT EXPERIENCES Students engaging in real-life experiences can understand how context influences decision-making, explore ways to solve potential problems, and critically evaluate various solutions. EXAMPLES

20. Include different genres Informational is imperative Think Aloud as you read Include high-quality multicultural literature Make connections Gain discipline-specific knowledge Inferencing Increase vocabulary Understand difficult content Develop language (Baker et al., 2020) STORIES Engaging with stories and participating in read-aloud activities offer many valuable benefits. TIPS

21. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LEARNER Critical Thinking Skills: Examining problems, questions, different perspectives, and drawing conclusions based on data and logical reasoning. Collaboration Skills: Working effectively in groups to solve problems, achieve common goals, and work together on tasks. Communication Skills: Organizing and successfully presenting ideas, data, and findings using multiple mediums. Creativity and Innovation Skills: Developing and refining solutions to complex issues by synthesizing and analyzing information and presenting findings creatively. Self-Direction Skills: Taking ownership of learning by selecting topics, developing strategies, evaluating personal work, and responding to feedback .Global Connections: Understanding global issues. Local Connections: Applying knowledge to problems within local communities. ( Bolat & Deneme - Gencoglu , 2024) A collection of essential abilities and competencies necessary for thriving in today's rapidly evolving, technology-driven environment. These skills are pivotal for students to excel in the contemporary workforce and society.

22. UNITS THEMATIC/INTEGRATED/THEMES Texts and lessons that share a common theme offer numerous benefits for students ( Gelzheiser et al., 2014). BENEFITS Integrate Concepts Create Curiosity Motivate and Engage In-depth Understanding Critical Thinking Connect Big Ideas Address Problems and Issues Promote Relevant Discussions (American College of Education, 2024)

23. Develop cultural awareness through reading and writing. Select books representing students’ cultures and widen the understanding of cultures and languages. Select high-quality, positive literature. (Huang & Kowalick , 2014) Books can be mirrors where children can see themselves represented and windows to see into another’s world and gain cultural viewpoints ( Wanless & Crawford, 2016). VOICE OF MANY CULTURES “We must seek out and encourage the diverse voices of many cultures to give children an honest picture of the world.” (Kiffer, 2010, p.88) STRATEGIES

24. Teach tier 2 words across domains Teach word families Play word games (American College of Education, 2024) Teach less familiar words Teach content words Teach character traits and theme words Teach general academic words Visual Images Vocabulary Collections Quick Review Activities (Manyak et al., 2021) Frayer Model Graffiti Wall (Gallagher & Anderson, 2016) WORDS Teaching words, word families, and vocabulary. STRATEGY

25. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Differentiation (American College of Education, 2024) STRATEGIES Exceptional learners require special education and related services due to various disabilities or exceptionalities. E X CEPTIONAL LEARNERS

26. YOU MUST INCLUDE VISUAL IMAGES IDEAS Neuroscientists assert that using concrete, vivid images is crucial for learning, as visual input constitutes 90 percent of the brain's sensory information. Integrating project-based assignments, computers, videos, books, cameras, art supplies, visual aids, posters, and graphic organizers into lessons are some ideas (Bell, 2017)

27. Actual Development Level: This is what a learner can do on their own without any help. Potential Development Level: A learner can do this with help from a teacher, peer, or parent. Scaffolding is the support the teacher, peer, or parent provides. It helps the learner achieve tasks within the ZPD. ( Destpak et al., 2017). ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT The zone of proximal development (ZPD) illustrates the gap between a learner's independent abilities and what they can accomplish with the guidance and encouragement of a knowledgeable mentor. It encompasses tasks the learner can undertake with appropriate assistance, fostering advancement toward greater comprehension and proficiency. KEY COMPONENTS OF ZPD:

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