The ancient library of Alexandria and the moseion.pptx

education- history

1. The ancient library of Alexandria and the mouseion By Nourhan Magdy

2. The ancient library of Alexandria Founder : Ptolemy Philadelphus is primarily known as the rich and successful patron of Alexandrian poets and scholars, a king who presided over the development if not the foundation of the famous Museum and Library in Alexandria.

3. Royal patrounage Members of the Mouseion and the Library

4. Building: The most important fact to hold on to amid all the obscurities and controversies regarding them is that the Museum at Alexandria, the Library at Alexandria, and the “Zoo” at Alexandria were all part of the Ptolemies ‟ private property. They were located in the palace complex,

5. Collection Relations to papyri trade King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (309–246 BC) is said to have set 500,000 scrolls as an objective for the library. Callimachus' Pinakes , has only survived in the form of a few fragments As a research institution, the library filled its stacks with new works in mathematics, astronomy, physics, natural sciences and other subjects.

6. This Latin inscription regarding Tiberius Claudius Balbilus of Rome (d. c. AD 79) mentions the "ALEXANDRINA BYBLIOTHECE" (line eight).

7. Destruction The fire that ravaged the building to Julius Caesar . “ Amr ibn al- Ās ”, the Arab conqueror of Egypt used the papyri to heat the furnaces of Alexandria‟s public bathhouses . Bishop Theophilus . In 391 A.D., this latter applied the edict of Theodosius prohibiting the practice of pagan cults and he led his troops in the destruction of the most famous sanctuary at Alexandria.

8. Mouseion of Alexandria Meaning of the name Originally , the word mouseion meant any place that was dedicated to the Muses, often related to the study of music or poetry.

9. Founder Ptolemy I Soter and his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus .

10. Building Present-day ruins of the Serapeum of Alexandria, where the Library of Alexandria moved part of its collection after it ran out of storage space in the main building

11. The best surviving description of the museum is by the Greek geographer and historian Strabo, who mentions that it was a large complex of buildings and gardens with richly decorated lecture and banquet halls linked by porticos, or colonnaded walks.

12. Bright scholars • Zenodotus of Ephesus, who worked towards standardizing the texts of the Homeric poems. • Callimachus, who wrote the Pinakes , sometimes considered to be the world's first library catalogue. • Apollonius of Rhodes, who composed the epic poem the Argonautica . • Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who calculated the circumference of the earth within a few hundred kilometers of accuracy. • Aristophanes of Byzantium, who invented the system of Greek diacritics and was the first to divide poetic texts into lines. • Aristarchus of Samothrace, who produced the definitive texts of the Homeric poems as well as extensive commentaries on them.

13. An Alexandrian orator with his papyrus box. White marble. Second century A.D. Graeco -Roman Museum, Alexandria. Archives CEAlex /CNRS

14. Bright scholars  Zenodotus of Ephesus, who worked towards standardizing the texts of the Homeric poems .  Callimachus, who wrote the Pinakes , sometimes considered to be the world's first library catalogue .  Apollonius of Rhodes, who composed the epic poem the Argonautica .  Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who calculated the circumference of the earth within a few hundred kilometers of accuracy .  Aristophanes of Byzantium, who invented the system of Greek diacritics and was the first to divide poetic texts into lines .  Aristarchus of Samothrace, who produced the definitive texts of the Homeric poems as well as extensive commentaries on them.

15. Destruction The buildings of the museum were destroyed in the civil war under the Roman emperor Aurelian.

16. List of references: • Lloyd, Alan B., ed. (2010), A Companion to Ancient Egypt, Vol. 1, Blackwell • McKechnie , Paul R., Guillaume, Philippe (2008), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his world, Brill • Murray, S.A. (2009). The Library: An illustrated history. New York: Skyhorse Publishing • Tarn, W.W. (1928). "Ptolemy II". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 14(3/4 • Empereur , J.-Y. (2008) 'The destruction of the library of Alexandria: an archaeological viewpoint' in El- Abbadi , M. and Mounir Fathallah , O. ( eds ) What Happened to the Ancient Library of Alexandria?, Leiden and Boston, Brill • Natali , C. (2013). Aristotle: His Life and School. Princeton: Princeton University Press

17. • Jochum , U. (1999). "The Alexandrian Library and its Aftermath". Library History. 15 (1) • Fraser, P. M. (1972). Ptolemaic Alexandria (Vol. 1), Oxford. • Berti , M. (2016). "Greek and Roman Libraries in the Hellenistic Age". The Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran and the Concept of a Library • Edward Jay Watts, (2008), City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria, University of California Press • Murray, Stuart (2009). The library : an illustrated history. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub