history of science/social science
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Histories of the Electron: The Birth of Microphysics
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edited byFrederic L. Holmes and Trevor H. Levere
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CenturyPeriodicals
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Systems,Experts,and Computers:The Systems Approach in Management
and Engineering,World War II and After
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The MIT Press
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
http://mitpress.mit.edu
978-0-262-02620-8 0-262-02620-1
The Artificial and the Natural
An Evolving Polarity
edited by Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and
William R. Newman
Genetically modified food, art in the form of a phos-
phorescent rabbit implanted with jellyfish DNA, and
robots that simulate human emotion would seem to
be evidence for the blurring boundary between the
natural and the artificial.Yet because the deeply root-
ed concept of nature functions as a cultural value, a
social norm, and a moral authority, we cannot sim-
ply dismiss the distinction between art and nature as
anostalgic relic. Disentangling the cultural roots
of many current debates about new technologies,
the chapters in this book examine notions of nature
and art as they have been defined and redefined in
Western culture, from the Hippocratic writers’ ideas
of physisand techneand Aristotle’s designation of
mimetic arts to nineteenth-century chemistry and
twenty-first-century biomimetics.
These chapters—by specialists of different peri-
ods and various disciplines—reveal that the division
between nature and art has been continually chal-
lenged and reassessed in Western thought. In antiq-
uity, for example, mechanical devices were seen as
working “against nature”; centuries later, Descartes
not only claimed the opposite but argued that nature
itself was mechanical. Nature and art, the essays
show, are mutually constructed, defining and redefin-
ing themselves, partners in a continuous dance over
the centuries.
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edited by
Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and William R.Newman
The Artificial and the Natural
An Evolving Polarity
Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent is Professor of History
at the University of Paris X. She is the author of A
History of Chemistryand other books. William R.
Newman is Ruth Halls Professor of History and Phi-
losophy of Science at Indiana University, Blooming-
ton.He is the coeditor ofSecrets of Nature(MITPress,
1999) and author or editor of several other books.
Dibner Institute Studies in the Historyof Science
and Technology
Cover art, foreground: Kriegseissen’s copper arm. Reprinted
from Gallon,ed.,Machines et Inventions approuvées par
l’Académie Royal des Sciences depuis son établissement jusqu’á
present;avec leur déscription(Paris, 1735–1777), 6:71-73.
Courtesy ofDepartment of Special Collections, Stanford
University Libraries (detail).
Cover art, background:“Miniature with Nature Studies in
Still-life-like Composition,” Joris (Georg) Hoefnagel (detail).
52252Vincent 9/17/07 6:48 AM Page 1