The Audio Lingual Method

It is a method that teachers can use during their teaching . Good Luck !

1. The Audiolingual Method D one by : Amina BENDJEBBOUR . Teacher’s training school – bouzareah

2. Here’s what you will find in this template : Introduction . Background . Definition . Modern usage . Behaviorist psychology . ALM basic principles . ALM techniques . Features of ALM . ALM objectives . Learner’s role / teacher’s role . ALM advantages and disadvantages . The strength and weakness of ALM . Critiques . The decline of ALM . Conclusion . The Content :

3. Introduction The Audio-Lingual Method was developed in the United States during World War II. At that time there was a need for people to learn foreign languages rapidly for military purposes . The Grammar-Translation Method did not prepare people to use the target language. While communication in the target language was the goal of the Direct Method, there were at the time exciting new ideas about language and learning.

4. B ackground 01. It was developed in the U.S. during the second world war . at that time , the U.S. government found it a great necessity to set up , a special language . training program to supply the war with language personnel . therefore , the government commisioned American universities to develop foreign language program for military personnel .

5. 02. definition  The audio-lingual method, Army Method, or New Key, it is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages . it is based on behaviourist theory , which professes that certain traits of living things , and in this case humans could be trained through a system of reinforcement , correct use of trait would receive positive feedback while incorrect use of that trait would receive negative feedback . It is a method of foreign language teaching which emphasizes the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing . it uses dialauges as the main form of language presentation and drills as the main training techniques . Mother tongue is discouraged in the classroom . This approach to language learning was similar to another , earlier method called The Direct Method . like the direct method , the audiolingual method adviced that students be taught a language directly , without using the student’s native language to explain new words or grammar in the target language . however , unlike the direct method , the audiolingual method did not focus on teaching vocabulary rather , the teacher drilled students in the use of grammar .

6.  The  Audio-lingual Method  is still in use today, though normally as a part of individual lessons rather than as the foundation of the course. These types of lessons can be popular as they are relatively simple, from the teacher’s point of view, and the learner always knows what to expect. Some of the most famous supporters of this  method  were Giorgio Shenker , who promoted guided self learning with the Shenker method in Italy, and Robin Callan , who created the Callan method. 03. M odern usage :

7. The learning theory of audiolingualism is behavioral psychology which is an empirically based approach to the study of human behavior . behaviorism tries to explain how an external event ( a stimulus ) caused a change in the behavior of an individual ( a response ) without using concepts like ‘’ mind ‘’ or ‘’ ideas ‘’ or any kinf of mental behavior . behaviorist psychology states that people are conditioned to learn many forms of behavior including langauge through the process of training or conditioning . 04. Behaviorist psychology

8. Venus - Separation of language skills into listening , speaking , reading and writing , with emphasis on the teaching of listening and speaking before reading and writing . - Spoken language comes before written language . - Grammar structure come first , vocabulary will follow . - Use dialogues as the chief means of presenting the language . - Discourage the of the mother tongue in the classroom . - Errors are carefully avoided because they lead to the formation of bad habits . - Positive reiforcement is good for changing habits . - Students learn to answer automatically without thinkin first . - The teacher has a responsibility to teach the culture of the target language users . 05. ALM principles

9. 06. ALM techniques The audio-lingual method has different tecniques in contrast with the grammar translation method and the direct method . it lays emphasis on mimicry as a main technique . this is done through memorization of the dialogues and imitative repetition .the use of drills and patterns practice includes the following : 

10. Repetition : where the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it , whithout looking at printing materials .  EX : i used to know him ____ i used to know him  I used to know him years ago . Inflection : where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated . EX : i bought the ticket _____ i bought the tickets He  bought the candy ____ she bought the candy . Replacement : where one word is replaced by another word . EX : he bought his house cheap _____ he bought it cheap . Helen left early ____ she left early . Restatement : the student rephrases an utterance and addresses it to someone else , according to instructions . EX : tell him wait for you ____ wait for me . Ask her how old is she ____ how old are you ?

11. Completion :  EX : i have a …… ___ i have a cat . Transposition : a change in word order is necessary when a word is added . EX : i am hungry . /so / ____ so am i .   Expansion  : when a word is added it takes a certain place in the sequence . EX : i know him ( hardly ) ____ i hardly know him . Contraction  : a single word stands for a phrase or clause . EX : put your hand on the table ___ put your hand there . Transformation : a sentence is transformed by being made negarive or interrogative or through changes in tense , mood , voice , aspect , or modability . EX : he knows my adress ___ he does not know my adress .   Integration : two seperate utterance are integrated into one . EX : they must be honest ____ it is important that  This is important _____ they be honest   Rejoinder : student makes an appropriate rejoinder to a given pattern . ( polite , answer the question , agree , disagree , express , surprise …)  EX : thank you ___ you are welcome . What is your name ? ____ my name is Amel .

12. Restoration : is one of the most common patterns that can be found in ESL textbooks . EX : kids / waiting / school / bus . ____ kids are waiting for school bus .  Use of minimal pairs :  EX : ship – sheep                          ( freeman , 2000) .

13. - Foreign language is the same as any other kind of learning and can be explained by the same laws and principles (Stimulus-Response- Reinforcement).  -  Learning is the result of experience and is evident in changes in behaviour . The aim is for linguistic competence and accuracy.  -  Foreign language learning is different from first language learning.  -  Foreign language learning is a process of habit formation. -  Language learning proceeds by means of analogy (habit- formation involving discrimination and generalization) rather than analysis (deductive learning of rule, as - -- the Grammar Translation Method) and involves attending to form and structure.  -  Errors are the result of first language interference and are to be avoided at all costs in the course of instruction. Teachers must specify what language the student will use and control student interaction with the language.  - Focuses on all its practices and procedures shifted from reading, translating and deductive explanation of grammar rules to the listening, speaking and the inductive presentation of language patterns in the spoken language. 07. ALM features

14.   The general objective of the audio-lingual method is to enable the target language communicatively , short-range objectives include training is listening comprehension , accurate pronunciation , reading comprehension and production of the audio-lingual method are the developement of mastery in all four language skills , beginning with listening and speaking , and using these as a bais for the teaching of reading and writing . long-range objective or the ultimate goal , is to develop in the students the same types of abilities that native speakers have to use it automatically without stopping to think . 08. ALM objectives

15.    Learners play a reactive role by responding to stimuli , and thus have little control over the content , pace or style of learning . The teacher’s role is central and active ; it is a teacher- dominated method . he controls the direction an monitors and corrects the learner’s performance . 01 . learner’s role 02 . teacher’s role

16. 09 . ALM advantages and disadvantages Advantages :  - audio-lingual method also has certain advantages that are worth the analysis and purpose of this work . - The ALM has been based on psychological approach : behaviourism . - The original language is not used to teach foreign languages . - No translation is allowed to teach vocabulaty . It made language learning accessible to a large group of ordinary learners . - Developing simple techniques and making use of language lab . Disadvantages : The behaviorist approach to learning is now discredited. Many scholars have proven its weakness. It does not pay sufficient attention to communicative competence . - Only language form is considered while meaning is neglected. [ Equal importance is not given to all four skills . - It is a teacher-dominated method. - It is a mechanical method since it demands pattern practice, drilling, and memorization over functional learning and organic usage. - The learner is in a passive role; the learner has little control over their learning. 

17. 10. ALM strength and weakness The strengths of Audio Lingual Method: - All the students are actives in the class. - The circumstance class are more interesting and life. - The speaking and listening skill are more drilled, so the pronunciation skill and listening skill are more controlled.

18. The weaknesses of Audio Lingual Method: - For the smart students this method is bored, because the procedure of the ALM method is majority repeat the sentence. - Sometimes the students are confused because the teacher explain the material in simple way not in detail way. - The grammar skill is not more drilled.

19. This theory does not focus on learning the use and meaning of abstract words ; instead focuses on just repeating . Chomsky criticized this theory because the theory focuses on grammar methods but does not show how to use this grammar in communication . 11. critiques

20. The theoritical attack on audio-lingual beliefs resulted from changes in American linguistic theory in the 1960s . Students unable us to transfer skills acquaired through audiolingualism to real communication outside the classroom , and audiolingual procedures to be baring and unsatisfying . Chomsky’s theory of transformational grammar proposed that the fundamental properties of language derive from how human’s process experience through language . 11. The decline of ALM

21.   Audiolingualism holds that language learning is like other forms of learning . it focuses on accuracy through drill and practice in the basis structures and sentences patterns of the target language . conclusion thank you !