The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptx

This ppt was made to bring to light the different products of sericulture other than that in the textile industry. It describes how the byproducts like silkworm feces, pupa, larvae, eggs, etc. are used in production processes of different industries like medicine, cosmetics, fertilizer, feed, etc.

1. The byproduct of sericulture in different industries

2. In this essay, we explore the diverse ways in which sericulture contributes to the biotechnology industry, unlocking new possibilities for healthcare, sustainability, and technological innovation. Sericulture, the age-old practice of silk production through the domestication of silkworms, has been done for its cultural significance and economic value. Beyond its traditional role in textile manufacturing, sericulture has found a prominent place in the realm of biotechnology industries. The intricate biology of silkworms and the unique properties of silk protein offer a rich source for innovative biotechnology applications. From tissue engineering to drug delivery systems, from environment remediation to medicinal diagnostics, sericulture provides a versatile platform for the development of advanced biotechnological solutions.

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5. SILK WORM AS FOOD PRODUCT Among the edible insects, silkworm larvae and pupae are one of the emerging insect-based nutritious food sources with high proteins, oils, polyphenols, and vitamins. During its life cycle, the silkworm goes through four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Pupae, the third developmental stage of this insect, are rich in nutrients and serve as a valuable source of protein.

6. Why silkworm as alternative food source  option INCREASED POPULATION In the current scenario, it is estimated that by 2050, there will be an additional 2.5 billion people and a 70% increase in food demand. Crop yields are not increasing fast enough to support global needs, and world agriculture is facing several serious challenges. Therefore, insects can be a nutritious alternative to meet the ever-increasing food demand in the present and future. The majority of insect consumption occurs in developing countries, with approximately 1,900 insect species consumed worldwide. GLOBAL WARMING  Food and feed derived from them are of high quality, have a high feed conversion ratio, and emit a low level of greenhouse gases. 

7. HIGH NUTRITIVE AND MEDICINAL VALUE Among insects silkworms are beneficial to humans, not only because of their high nutritional value, but also because of their several pharmacological properties. Silkworm eggs, larvae, and pupae contains high amount of proteins, oils, minerals, vitamins, and several other beneficial components which are nutritious as well as have positive effect on human health. silkworm pupae protect the liver, enhance immunity, inhibit apoptosis, inhibit cancer, inhibit tumor growth, inhibit microbial growth, regulate blood glucose and blood lipids, and lower blood pressure. ALTERNATE SOURCE OF MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCT The prevalence of livestock diseases and the emergence of novel, frequently antibiotic-resistant diseases are two additional effects of high-density animal production systems. The worldwide population loses billions of dollars each year due to infectious illnesses that affect cattle

8. Silkworm eggs The silkworm eggs contain three main types of glycoproteins namely vitellin, 30 kDa protein, and egg-specific protein (ESP)  Several additional proteins, including enzymes, proteases, and inhibitors of proteases, were also discovered in the eggs  A silkworm egg contains 56% albumin, 19.2% fat, and 7.7% sugar  The silkworm eggs contain high amount of protein and vitamins B1, B2. Consumption of silkworm eggs increases the male sexual power  Silkworm eggs are said to cause heavy drinkers to stop drinking alcohol completely if they eat them (Popular tradition, India).

9. Silkworm larvae It is estimated that 100 grams of the larvae of Bombyx mori consist of 54% protein, 8% fat, 6% fiber, and 6% ash, as well as 390 kcal of energy    larvae are fed to younger animals, including reptiles, as a nutritional supplement   Humans can readily digest and absorb silkworm powder.  Silkworm has traditionally been used as a diabetic treatment in oriental nations such as China, Korea, and Japan, and several studies have recently proven the silkworm’s blood glucose-lowering impact. 

10.   Silkworm pupae compositions Silkworm pupae contain a wide range of nutrients Proteins in silkworm pupae Bombyx mori has the highest protein content in silkworm pupae (55.6% dry weight) and is the most prevalent dry matter  Minerals in silkworm pupae There are nearly 25 different types of minerals, each of which plays a different key role in different physiological functions in organisms  Silkworm pupae are rich in minerals like phosphorus, iron, calcium, zinc, manganese, and chromium as compared to hens’ eggs. Oil in silkworm pupae Oil is the second most abundant component in silkworm pupae after protein

11.  Among the four species of silkworm pupae, eri silkworm pupae have the highest oil content, at 26.2% tasar silkworm pupae oil contains the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids among all silkworm pupae oils.    Silkworm pupae as a nutritious animal feed Silkworm waste pupae or SWP, are a rich source of nutrients for livestock and poultry. Silk waste and pupae are used in fish and poultry feed The cost of dried pupae increased to INR 13–15 per kg from INR 2–3 due to the hybrid magur fish’s greatly improved growth, which brought in 4–5 times more profit 

12. Silkworm pupae as a nutritious and delicious human food As a delectable human food, silkworm pupae are used in various Asian nations like Thailand, Korea, India, China, and Japan Silkworm pupae have been discovered to boost lactating ability in tribal women and are superior to soya beans, salmon, or beef in terms of protein content. Pectin, a byproduct of silkworm pupae, was used to thicken ice cream, jam, candy, jelly, and fruit juices  In China, Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea healthy silkworm pupae are sterilized, vacuum-dried, and sold as commercial food products, whereas cocoon Palade powder was utilized in sauces and soups    Recent research has proved that silkworm meal can meet astronauts’ nutritional needs for long-term space missions due to its great quality of protein content, proper quantities of amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and other necessary dietary components for humans

13. Silkworm-based food and medicine safety evaluation Silkworms are often safer for consumption than other well-known high-protein foods like shrimp and fish Concerns about safety are raised with regard to both toxicological safety and allergic reactivity. Transgenic silkworms were used in a 28-day feeding trial on rats to test subacute toxicity. Since the study found no negative reactions or fatalities in rats fed with the transgenic silkworms, it demonstrated that these insects were toxicologically safe, at least for rats to consume  Overall, silkworms are safe to eat or use as medicine. In spite of the fact that allergic reactions can be triggered by allergens in silkworms, a variety of methods can be used to reduce or destroy them. The laws and regulations concerning silkworm as edible insects New EU food legislation has made it feasible to legalize the use of edible insects in Europe. However, it’s critical to consider both the producer’s and the consumer’s safety . To encourage the growth and use of these products, more detailed and accurate regulations are needed to monitor the production and consumption of insect food products similar to silkworm larvae and pupae.

14. The constituents of silkworms, the mechanisms through which they serve as functional diets and therapeutics are emphasized, and the prospects of silkworm pupae as a nutritional supplement and a medication for the treatment of various diseases are shown in this review. The fact that silkworm larvae and pupae are highly nutritious and can be raised in huge quantities swiftly is one of their key advantages

15. Sericulture by-product as medicinal uses 16

16. Silkworm Feces

17. Silkworm Feces Extract (SFE) Improve Renal “Anemia” (condition where body produces less erythropoietin) Treat Rheumatic Pain (joint stiffness and soreness) Treat Blood Deficiency Contains Solanesol, precursor of many cardiac drugs

18. Silkworm Eggs

19. Silkworm Larvae

20. According to the research, the silkworm has the greatest potential to drop blood sugar when it is prepared on the third day of the fifth instar , created using the freezing-dry method , and taken as powder. Ryu K, Lee H, Choue R. An activity of lowering blood-glucose levels according to preparative condition of silkworm power. Humans can readily digest and absorb silkworm powder. It can also improve the physiological activities of the gastrointestinal tract. Cramps, bloating, and other illnesses can be treated using dehydrated silkworm larvae that were killed by the white muscardine disease.

21. Silkworm Pupae

22. The growth of a  Staphylococcus sciuri   strain , CD97 was strongly suppressed by silkworm pupa oil when its antibacterial activity was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of silkworm pupae-derived chitosan was superior to that of commercially available chitosan , with the quickest bacterial suppression occurring at 1–2 h . A s anti-bacterial agent

23. ZYQ 300 tablets to treat autoimmune conditions such as Rheumatoid Arthritis . slows disease progression and relieves pain. swelling and redness.

24. Ethicon Mersilk Suture Reels used in wide range of surgical procedures including general surgery, plastic surgery, etc. used for wound closure, tissue approximation.

25. Serrapeptase relieves pain and inflammation. reduces the chances of cardiovascular disease . helps in faster recovery. helps in treating cold and sore throat. Treat bacterial infections. helps in treating Atherosclerosis . tooth extraction and surgeries. helps in treating fibrocystic breast disease

26. 28 Sericulture by-product in biotechnology industries-

27. 29 Silkworm Pupae After the silk is harvested, the pupae are often discarded. However, silkworm pupae are rich in protein, fat, and other nutrients, making them valuable for various applications. In biotechnology, silkworm pupae can be used as a source of bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides, which have potential applications in medicine and agriculture. One notable product derived from silkworm pupae that is used in biotechnology industries is called "Bombyx mori pupal powder."

28. 30 Bombyx mori pupal powder The nutritional content of Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) per 100g dried sample- Protein 55g Fat 8.5g Fiber 6g Carbohydrates 25.43g Energy content – 389.60 (Kcal/100g ) The percentages of total protein and lipid contents by dry weight were 55.6 and 32.2%, respectively. Silkworm pupae protein had high levels of essential amino acids such as valine, methionine, and phenylalanine. Source: Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects

29. 31 Silkworm Haemolymph Biopharmaceutical Production: Silkworm hemolymph serves as a host for the production of recombinant proteins and biopharmaceuticals This system offers advantages such as post-translational modifications and proper protein folding, making it valuable for the production of complex therapeutic proteins like antibodies, growth factors, and enzymes. Vaccine Production : Silkworm hemolymph is used in the production of certain vaccines. Recombinant proteins or antigens can be expressed in silkworms and collected from their hemolymph. These antigens can then be formulated into vaccines for diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Bioremediation : Silkworm hemolymph contains enzymes and proteins that can degrade pollutants and toxins. Bioremediation processes utilize these bioactive molecules to clean up environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals and organic pollutants, contributing to environmental sustainability and pollution control efforts.

30. 32 Tufts researchers develop leather alternative from silk, chitosan In Boston,  researchers at Tufts have created a 3D-printed leather alternative using silk and various wastes . By using silk, as well as cellulose from textile and agricultural waste chitosan from shellfish waste, and all the relatively gentle chemistries used to combine them. The process mixes silk fibers with a plasticizer and vegetable gum thickener. Chitosan—a seafood industry waste—is added for hardness. The resulting material is recyclable and biodegradable. Chitosan

31. Chitosan-based materials in tissue engineering Cartilage tissue engineering Bone tissue engineering Intervertebral disc tissue engineering Blood vessel tissue engineering  Skin tissue engineering Bone tissue fixation

32. 34 Silk based gel Silk-based gel, also known as silk hydrogel or silk fibroin gel, is a biomaterial derived from silk proteins, typically sourced from silkworm cocoons. Silk-based gels are formed through the sol-gel transition of silk fibroin, wherein the silk proteins undergo a reversible transformation from a liquid (sol) state to a gel state. Silk-based super microporous cryogel matrices synthesized at IIT Kanpur exploring their potential in cell-material interaction. Composite silk-based biomaterial applied for soft and hard tissue engineering applications. Nano-silk sericin-based hydrogel . prepare from silk industry waste

33. Production of protein 35 Utilizing a natural viral infection forv silkworms, we can leverage every cell in the body of the silkworm (excluding the head and abnormal cavity ) to rapidly produce structural complex and biologically active protein. Silkworm –n baculovirus expression system: Universally recognized as a powerful and versatile system Alternative to protein expression in E.coli yeast or other baculovirus expression System.

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37. How Silk May Benefit our Skin &hair

38. What Is Sericin?  How does the silk protein sericin work, and what exactly is it? This involves learning a bit about insect science.  Sericin comes from a silkworm known as  Bombyx mori , or the mulberry silkworm. This silkworm produces sericin in large amounts towards the end of its fifth larval instar, which is a fancy name for the larval stage. This silk protein has been used for centuries to make various items.  Sericin from these silkworms combines with another protein called fibroin filaments to form a cocoon. These cocoons are harvested for their raw silk. The mulberry silk fibers are then used to make various things, including hair and skin care products. These silk proteins are also used to make innovative products like  Blissy Silk Pillowcases .

39. Fibroni- Fibroin is an insoluble protein found in silk produced by silkworms, such as the larvae of Bombyx mori and other moth genera. In raw silk, fibroin is the main structural component, providing mechanical strength, while sericin forms a glue-like coating around the fibroin filaments. Silk fibroin is composed of glycine, alanine, and serine in varying proportions. It is a significant component of silkworm cocoons and has applications in both the textile industry and biochemical research due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility, elasticity, and biodegradability. SEROCIN- Sericin is a protein produced by silkworms, specifically Bombyx mori, during the formation of their cocoons. It serves as a glue-like substance that binds and coats the fibroin fibers, providing stability and toughness to the silk. Sericin constitutes 20-30% of the silk fiber and has been found to possess various beneficial characteristics, such as high water retention, good wound healing, and good cyto-compatibility. In recent years, sericin has gained attention for its potential applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

40. Tatcha The Silk Peony Melting Eye Cream In addition to Tatcha's signature "liquid silk" — also known as hydrolyzed silk — this melty, moisturizing eye cream also includes the brand's Hadasei-3 complex of fermented Japanese superfoods like rice and mozuku, as well as Japanese white peony extract to fortify the skin's barrier and lock in hydration. It blurs the look of lines and plays beautifully with any makeup you might add on top. $60  Silk Therapeutics Refresh Facial Cleanser Silk — specifically in the form of soluble fibroin — is included in this noticeably hydrating cleanser to help smooth skin as it's cleansed. It gets a hand from balancing olive oil,  hydrating glycerin , and a bevy of nourishing fatty acids so skin never feels stripped once the cleanser is rinsed away. $36  

41. Dermalogica Active Moist Ideal for anyone who prefers a light lotion over a rich cream for their daily moisturizer, Dermalogica Active Moist combines botanical extracts with silk amino acids to give skin a smooth, hydrated feel without pore-clogging oils. $42   Eighteen B Firm + Replenish Serum Eighteen B says its silk protein, which it calls B-Silk, replenishes skin's all-important barrier. That lets it hold in the moisture and hydration provided by the lightweight formula's  ceramides ,  squalane , and amino acids, all without a smothering feeling. $105  

42. Dr. Dennis Gross Ferulic + Retinol Fortifying Neck Emulsion Made specifically for the skin under the chin and jawline, this emulsion teams up a silk peptide with antioxidant  ferulic acid  and smoothing retinol to help encourage more firmness and contour in and often-ignored area. $75 Peter Thomas Roth Water Drench Hyaluronic Cloud Serum This serum is a whopping 75 percent  hyaluronic acid , but that still leaves a little room for water-soluble silk proteins. PTR promises they they'll give skin a soft, smooth feel — the icing atop a very hydrated cake. $65  Alpha-H Liquid Gold Exfoliating Treatment Silk may be touted as a skin smoother, but it's the  glycolic acid  in this exfoliating liquid that does most of the retexturizing work. The silk protein is included as a means of binding moisture and giving skin a firmer look and feel.

43. Use of Sericulture By-Products in the Agri Sector: 49 Silkworm excrement as organic fertilizer Silkworm silk fibroin for seed coating Silk cocoon shells for mulching Silk protein as a biopesticide Silk by-products as livestock feed

44. Silkworm excrement as organic fertilizer 9 Silkworms produce a considerable amount of excrement called "frass" during the cocooning process. This frass is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making it an excellent organic fertilizer. It enhances soil fertility and improves crop yield when used appropriately

45. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9064968/table/Tab1/?report=objectonly

46. 52 Silk protein as a biopesticide Silk contains proteins like sericin, which possess insecticidal properties. These proteins can be extracted and formulated into biopesticides to control pests in agriculture. Biopesticides derived from silk proteins are eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, reducing environmental pollution and health hazards

47. 53 Silk by-products as livestock feed Silkworm pupae, which are left over after silk extraction, can serve as a high-protein feed supplement for livestock such as poultry and fish. Silkworm pupae are rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious feed ingredient that promotes animal growth and health.

48. Silkworm pupae meal (SWP) is a protein-rich by-product of the silk reeling industry, available in a significant quantity. However, there has been little and insignificant research into the use of SWP in ruminants to date. In this view, the present study was conducted in two phases to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of defatted silkworm pupae meal (DSWP) on rumen fermentation Defatted silkworm pupal meal is a by-product of the silk industry, specifically from the pupae of silkworms. It is obtained after the extraction of fat from the pupae, leaving behind a protein-rich meal. This meal is used as a nutritional supplement and feed ingredient in animal diets, particularly for monogastric species like poultry, pigs, and fish, as well as for ruminants. It is a valuable source of protein with a high undegradable protein content and a favorable amino acid profile. the results of the study indicated that DSWP can be incorporated into the ration of cattle up to 30% by replacing SBM without affecting rumen fermentation pattern and nutrient utilization. 54

49. 55 Silk cocoon shells for mulching After silk extraction, the empty cocoons can be crushed into small pieces and used as mulch in agricultural fields. Cocoon shells provide insulation to the soil, regulate soil temperature, conserve moisture, suppress weed growth, and enhance soil structure. They gradually decompose, enriching the soil with nutrients and improving its fertility.

50. 56 Silkworm silk fibroin for seed coating Silk uses has also been investigated as a crop booster. Silk fibronin in combination with sugar additive trehalose develops seed coating that boosts seed germination and mitigates abiotic stressors by encapsulating, preserving, and releasing biofertilizer in the soil. Benedetto Marelli and his team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a seed coating made from silk fibroin, a material extracted from silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoons, and trehalose, a sugar

51. 57 Trehalose has been identified as an osmoprotectant and signaling molecule controlling various processes ranging from seed development and germination to guard cell movement and overall plant growth The second component of the newly designed coating is called “Silk Coating”. Its ability to promote growth and response to several stressful conditions such as high external osmolarity, low oxygen concentrations, or desiccation Two components for seed coating-

52. 58 Conclusion - By repurposing silk by-products across different industries, we not only minimize waste generation but also create value-added opportunities, driving innovation and sustainability forward. Embracing the circular economy principles, the utilization of silk by-products exemplifies how nature's resources can be efficiently utilized to meet diverse societal needs while minimizing environmental impact. In essence, silk by-products represent a sustainable solution with multifaceted benefits, demonstrating the potential of sericulture waste to positively impact various sectors and foster a more resource-efficient future.

53. 59 Reference - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8366584/ https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2022/01/05/Silk-lauded-as-future-solution-in-food-waste-and-preserv https://www.theonion.com/silk-introduces-new-milk-alternative-made-from-blended-1849492376 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9978502/ List of Top 5 Seri Products (and their uses) (notesonzoology.com) 6-5-73-176.pdf (phytojournal.com)

54. 60 THANK YOU By – Ayon Saha Romy bora Nihar Ranjan sarkar Shobhayan kirtania