The Contemporary World_101_: POVERTY.pptx

This is a Powerpoint presentation for the 1st year subject The Contemporary World. In this presentation, you will know the causes of poverty, examples of it and the effects of poverty. You will also know what are the things we need to consider how to solve it.

1. Poverty and Corruption By: Camilo E.Pangan,Jr. Ph.D.

2. “The world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do evil, but because of those who look on and do nothing.”  — Albert Einstein, theoretical physicist

3. The Philippine poverty rate, based on official figures, dropped to 15.5% in 2023.  This represents a decrease from 18.1% in 2021 . However, some surveys indicate a higher self-rated poverty rate, with one survey showing  42%  of Filipino families considering themselves poor in March 2024,  according to the Philippine News Agency

4. Another survey in September 2024 estimated 16.3 million Filipino families considering themselves poor. 

5. Self Rated Poverty OCTA Research showed- self rated survey rate of 42% in March 2024 SWS Survey-Social Weather Station survey reported that 16.3 million families considered themselves poor in September 2024.

6. In 2023, the sectors with the highest poverty incidences were Indigenous Peoples (32.4%), fisherfolks (27.4%), and farmers (27.0%). This indicates that these sectors had the highest percentages of individuals belonging to families living below the official poverty threshold. 

7. On the other hand, senior citizens, formal labor and migrant workers, and individuals residing in urban areas posted the lowest poverty incidences among the basic sectors in 2023 at 7.8 percent, 8.3 percent, and 10.3 percent, respectively. 

8. Causes of poverty in the Philippines 1.Income Distribution/Inequality 2.Lack of quality education 3.Lack of Jobs 4.Corruption

9. 5.Natural Calamities 6.Overpopulation

10. Multi Dimensional Poverty, beyond monetary poverty according to world bank: The World Bank recognizes that poverty encompasses a lack of capabilities and opportunities, including : 1.Food Poverty and hunger-not having enough food to eat 2.Shelter Poverty-Lack of adequate housing 3.Health Poverty-being sick and unable to access healthcare

11. 4.Education Poverty-lack of access to education and literacy 5.Social Exclusion-Feeling powerless, marginalized, and lacking political freedoms

12. In the Philippines, individuals and families are considered poor if their income falls below the poverty threshold set by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). 

13. This threshold represents the minimum income needed to meet basic food and non-food needs like food, health, education, and housing. In 2023, the poverty threshold for a family of five was set at ₱13,873 per month, which is about ₱92.49 per person per day. 

14. Poverty rate of ASEAN countries (2024): Brunei-0% Cambodia-17.8% Indonesia-9.03% Laos-31%

15. Malaysia-1.4% Myanmar-31.0% Philippines-15.5% Singapore-5.44% Thailand-3.4% Vietnam-3.6%

16. Corruption, in its simplest form, is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It involves dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, often leading to a departure from what is pure, correct, or ethical. 

17. Essentially, it's the use of public office, or any position of authority, for personal benefit rather than for the benefit of the public or organization it serves. 

18. Key Aspects of Corruption 1.Abuse of Power 2.Private Gain 3.Dishonest or Illegal Conduct

19. Examples of Corruption: 1.Bribery 2.Extortion 3.Embezzlement 4.Nepotism

20. 5.Influence Peddling 6.Fraud

21. Where Corruption Occurs: 1.Governent 2.Business 3.Courts 4.Education

22. 5.Health 6.Civil Society 7.Infrastructure

23. Consequences of Corruption: 1.Undermines Institutions 2.Hampers Economic Development 3.Violates Human Rights 4.Weakens Democracy

24. How do we fight corruption? 1.Strengthening Institutions 2. Promoting Transparency and Accountability 3. Empowering Citizens 4. International Cooperation

25. The Philippines ranked 117th out of 193 countries in the  UNDP's Human Development Report 2025 .  United Nation’s Development Program . 

26. HDI Score:  The Philippines' HDI score is 0.710.  Global Ranking:  The Philippines ranked 117th out of 193 countries in the 2024 HDI report.  Category:  The Philippines is categorized as having "high human development". 

27. Regional Comparison: While the Philippines' HDI is in the "high" category, it falls below the average for East Asia and the Pacific, which is 0.766.  Key Dimensions: The HDI measures achievements in three key dimensions a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living .

28. Recent Improvement: The 2024 HDI score of 0.71 is an improvement compared to the previous year’s score. Historical Context: From 1990 to 2023,the Philippines saw an average annual HDI growth rate of 0.59 per cent, which is slower than the East Asia and the Pacific average of 1.25 percent over the same period.

29. Studies about Corruption in the Philippines A broken vow: an examination of the cases of Corruption in the Philippines The problem of corruption in the Philippines seems to be humongous as if no solution is available for its cure. It found out that even with the existence of laws as well as the removal or the conviction of several government officials and employees, corrupt practices seem to be undeterred. The continuance of corruption in the country resulted to the promise of President Duterte to be a broken vow.

30. Gonzales, C. (2021). A broken vow: an examination of the cases of Corruption in the Philippines.  Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ,  2 (1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v2i1.36

31. Corruption is a significant obstacle to good governance in the Philippines. A review of recent literature suggests that all levels of corruption, from petty bribery to grand corruption, patronage and state capture, exist in the Philippines at a considerable scale and scope. Significant efforts have been made to combat corruption, which include putting in place legal and institutional frameworks, as well as efforts by civil society organizations and the media .

32. Anti Corruption Resource Center, 18 August 2009 Updated  12 September 2023 In Collaboration with Transparency International

33. Corruption Risk and Political Dynasties: Exploring the Links Using Public Procurement Data in the Philippines

34. Abstract Corruption plays a central role in underdevelopment in the Philippines, yet there is no reliable, non-aggregate, and periodic measurement for corruption in the country. This study demonstrates the use of statistical techniques to synthesize information from public procurement contracts into one indicator to measure corruption risk for each province in the Philippines from 2004 to 2018. The results show corruption risk decreased from the 2004 term to 2013, and increased to an all-time high in 2016.

35. Source: Davis, D.B., Mendoza, R.U. & Yap, J.K. Corruption risk and political dynasties: exploring the links using public procurement data in the Philippines. Econ Gov 25, 81–109 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-023-00306-4