The Digestive System Q1 Week 1 Lesson.ppt

The Digestive System

1. THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE BODY SYSTEMS

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES Identify key components such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Explain the purpose of digestion, absorption, and elimination and how enzymes and acids aid in breaking down food into nutrients. Describe the journey of food inside the body from the mouth to the rectum and the specific functions performed at each stage.

3. LET’S DISCUSS The digestive system in the human body processes food and liquids. It consists of the digestive tract, where food passes through structures like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs. These organs work together to break down food into smaller components for absorption and assimilation. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

4. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The mouth is the first organ in the digestive system. It serves several essential functions: Ingestion: Food enters the mouth, allowing the initial stage of digestion. Mechanical Digestion (Chewing): Teeth break down large food pieces into smaller ones. Chemical Digestion: Saliva initiates digestion by breaking down starch into sugar. MOUTH

5. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The esophagus is a tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. In a process called PERISTALISIS, the walls of the esophagus move in waves to push the food down the tube to the stomach. Peristalsis also takes place in the stomach and intestines. Unlike the stomach and small intestine, the esophagus does not secrete digestive enzymes. Its primary function is to facilitate the passage of food. ESOPHAGUS

6. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The stomach is a hollow muscular organ that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes. Its key functions include temporary food storage, mechanical digestion (through muscular contractions), chemical digestion (via acids and enzymes), and controlled emptying of partially digested food into the small intestine. STOMACH

7. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The pancreas is located behind the stomach; it performs two key functions: it produces enzymes that break down sugars, fats, proteins, and starches during digestion. The pancreas releases hormones into the bloodstream. These chemical messengers help regulate blood sugar levels, stimulate stomach acids, and control appetite and stomach emptying. PANCREAS

8. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The liver, the largest organ in the body, performs essential functions within the digestive system. The liver continually produces bile, aiding fat digestion and nutrient absorption. It processes toxins and removes them from the blood. The liver creates substances necessary for blood clotting after injury. It helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels. LIVER

9. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. Its primary role in the digestive system is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is a sticky, yellow-green digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Its primary function is to break down fats into fatty acids during digestion. GALLBLADDER

10. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The small intestine's main functions include breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and moving the intestinal contents along the digestive tract. Specifically, the small intestine absorbs carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It plays a vital role in digestion, ensuring efficient nutrient absorption and waste elimination. SMALL INTESTINE

11. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The large intestine, also known as the colon, follows the small intestine and extends to the anal canal, where food waste exits the body. The large intestine performs several essential functions, such as absorbing water and electrolytes, forming stool, facilitating bacterial fermentation, and protecting against infections. LARGE INTESTINE

12. DIGESTIVE ORGANS The rectum connects the large intestine to the anus. It acts as a reservoir where stool accumulates before being ready for elimination. The anus marks the exit point for food waste. Muscles, nerves, and mucous membranes work together to facilitate healthy bowel movements that you can control. RECTUM AND ANUS

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