The Earthquake damage and its restor.ppt

The Earthquake damage and its restorations

1. Modes of Building Failure
Connections between failure modes observed in shake table
testing of models in building contest and earthquake damage to
actual buildings
L. Braile, Purdue University, October 2003 (for additional information and sources see EQ
Hazards and Photos links at: http://www.eas.purdue.edu/~braile/indexlinks/educ.htm)

2. Intensity of
shaking
decreases
with distance
from
epicenter
(MM Intensity
scale).
M6.7, 1994
Northridge,
California
earthquake

3. Intensity of
shaking
decreases with
distance from
epicenter
(Peak
horizontal
acceleration).
M6.7, 1994
Northridge,
California
earthquake

4. Intensity of
shaking
decreases
with distance
from epicenter
(star; USGS
Shake Map).
M6.7, 1994
Northridge,
California
earthquake

5. Soft first story failure

6. Soft first story failure

7. Weak story
failure, Kobe,
1995

8. Building shifted off foundation

9. Column
failure

10. Bending

11. Bending

12. Inadequate connection to uprights

13. High center of mass, resonance

14. Falling objects

15. Falling objects,
partial wall
collapse

16. Falling objects, partial wall collapse

17. Liquefaction, ground failure

18. Liquefaction, ground failure

19. Liquefaction, ground failure