The effects of flavonoids on prevention of Epigenetic disorders.pptx

This PPT describes the importance of flavonoids in prevention of epigenetic disorders including cancer.

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2. The effects of flavonoids on prevention of epigenetic disorders Prepared by: Rabia Ayoubi Dep. Pharmacognosy , FoPh , KU. Date: 1400/01/07 8/25/2024 2

3. Outline Introduction Epigenetic disorders The usage of Flavonoids on epigenetic disorders Conclusion References 8/25/2024 3

4. What is epigenetics? Epigenetic: in addition to changes in genetic sequence. Epigenetics: The stable and heritable alternation in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenomics : The study of epigenetic modifications on the genome that can modify gene expression. 8/25/2024 4

5. How Does Epigenetics Work? 8/25/2024 5 (DNA methylation ) (non- coding RNA expression ) (Histone modifications) DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b HAT, HDAC, HMT

6. Factors affecting epigenetics 8/25/2024 6 Sodium valproate Diethylstilbestrol Procaine Pyrazinamide Doxorubicin Smoking Alcohol consumption Stress Physical exercise Folic acid Vit B6 Vit B12 Polyphenolics Metals Air pollutants Organic pollutants Electromagnetic radiations

7. Epigenetic disorders 8/25/2024 7 Cancer DNA hypomethylation : activation of oncogenes and chromosome instability DNA hypermethylation : silencing of tumor suppressor genes Mental retardation disorders abnormal phenotypes due to the absence of paternal/maternal copy of a gene ( Prader -Willi and Angelman syndromes) Immunity-related disorders Abnormal DNA methylation: lupus-like autoimmunity Neuropsychiatric disorders Abnormal DNA methylation: schizophrenia and mood disorders

8. How cancer is related to epigenetics? Cancer is the leading cause of mortality around the globe. The genetic/epigenetics modifications account for the recurrence and uncontrolled changes in the physiology of cancer cells. 8/25/2024 8

9. Epigenetics and cancer 8/25/2024 9 Aberrant Epigenetic changes Cancer DNA methylation Histone acetylation

10. Flavonoids The term flavonoid generally is used to describe a broad collection of natural products that possess a C6-C3-C6 skeleton, or more specifically a phenylbenzopyran function . Flavonoids influence: Antioxidant properties Anti inflammatory Anti aging Anti mutagenic Anti carcinogenic 8/25/2024 10 F lavone ring as the backbone of flavonoids

11. Classification of Flavonoids 8/25/2024 11

12. Different classes of flavonoids and their epigenetic activities 8/25/2024 12 Class of flavonoids Rich dietary sources Examples Epigenetic modifying activities Flavan - 3-ols Apple, grapes, cacao, tea Catechine , Epicatechine , Epicatechine - 3- gallate , Epigallocatechine , Epigallocatechine-3- gallate Induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest Reduce oxidative stress and angiogenesis Inhibit DNMT Down-regulate the hTERT Modulate HAT and expression of miRNA Flavonols Onion, tea, apple, berries Quercetine , Myricetine , Kaempferol , Fisetine Inhibit DNMT Activate HAT Deactivate HDAC Activate Sirtuins Flavones Celery, chamomile, parsley, carrot, pepper, peppermint, thyme, rosemary, oregano, olive oil Apigenine and Luteoline Inhibit DNMT Induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest Inhibit HDAC Flavanones Peel of Citrus fruits Hesperetine , Naringenine Inhibit DNMT Isoflavones Soybeans, fava beans Genistein , Daidzein , Biochanin A Inhibit DNMT and reduce DNA hypermethylation Activate silenced tumor suppressor genes Activate HAT, Deactivate HDAC and HDM Modulate expression of miRNA Anthocyanidines Berries, cherries, grapes Cyanidin , Delphinidin , Malvidin , Pelargonidin , The epigenetic activities have not been investigated.

13. 8/25/2024 13 Examples of flavonoids and their epigenetic activities

14. Conclusion Epigenetics influence gene expression w/o any alteration in genomic sequence. There are several factors affecting epigenetics. Cancer is one of the most important consequence of epigenetic alteration that could be prevented. Polyphenolics are the promising candidates to reverse and/or prevent epigenetic disorders including cancer. 8/25/2024 14

15. References Weinhold , B. (2006).  Epigenetics: The Science of Change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(3).  doi:10.1289/ehp.114-a160  Busch, C., Burkard, M., Leischner , C., Lauer, U. M., Frank, J., & Venturelli , S. (2015).  Epigenetic activities of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Clinical Epigenetics, 7(1).  doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0095-z  Khan, H., Belwal , T., Efferth , T., Farooqi , A. A., Sanches -Silva, A., Vacca , R. A., … Nabavi , S. M. (2020).  Targeting epigenetics in cancer: therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1–24.  doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1763910  Izzo , S., Naponelli , V., & Bettuzzi , S. (2020).  Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention. Nutrients, 12(4), 1010.  doi:10.3390/nu12041010  Russo, G. L., & Ungaro , P. (2019).  Epigenetic Mechanisms of Quercetin and Other Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy and Prevention. Epigenetics of Cancer Prevention, 187–202.  doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812494-9.00009-3  Stepani , V., Novak, R., & Gall, K. (2014). Epigenome , Cancer Prevention and Flavonoids and Curcumin. Epigenetics and Epigenomics . doi:10.5772/58247  8/25/2024 15

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