The family annonaceae for students of botany

This ppt helps to students of botany

1. ANNONACEAE (Custard Apple Family)

2. CLASSIFICATION

3. General Characters This is large family of 130 genera and 2300 species, distributed in tropical parts of world. From India more than 25 genera and 200 species have been reported.

4. General Habit: Usually aromatic trees or shrubs, rarely liana-like (i.e. woody climbers) e.g. species of Oxymitra . Artabotrys is a hook climber. Bark, leaves and floral parts contain oil ducts.

5. Artabotrys hook

6. Root: Extensively branched tap roots.

7. Stem: Aerial, erect or rarely climbing, woody, branched, hard, solid, cylindrical.

8. Annona squamosa Tree

9. Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate , petiolate , apex acute, obtuse or even mucronate ( Annona mucronata ); ovate, obovate or lanceolate ; coriaceous , glabrous; unicostate reticulate; gland-dotted and aromatic.

10. Annona squamosa Leaves

11. Inflorescence: Solitary, axillary or terminal, or leaf opposed; sometimes cauliflorous i.e. flowers occur on stem ( Polyalthia fragrans )

12. Polyalthia fragrans Cauliflorous

13. Annona squamosa axillary flower

14. Flower: Bracteate or ebracteate , ebracteolate , pedicellate , complete, bisexual, rarely unisexual ( Stelechocarpus ), actinomorphic , rarerly zygomorphic ( Monodora ); hypogynous .

15. Stelechocarpus flowers

16. Monodora zygomorphic fls

17. Calyx: Sepals 3, sometimes 6 arranged in two whorls of three each; polysepalous or rarely basally connate; valvate ; rarely imbricate.

18. Corolla: Generally 6 petals, arranged in two whorls of three each, sometimes only 3 petals; polypetalous; valvate or slightly imbricate. Sometimes,sepals and petals are same so called as perianth .

19. Artabotrys hexapetalus

20. Androecium : Stamens numerous, polyandrous; spirally arranged on large, convex receptacle; filaments short and thick; connective continues beyond the anther and produces a dilated head; adnate ; extrorse .

21. Anthers.

22. Gynoecium : Carpels numerous, arranged spirally on the raised receptacle ( Polyalthia , Artabotrys ); only 1 -3 carpels in Cyathocalyx ; apocarpous ; superior, unilocular , one to many ovules in the locule ; parietal or sometimes basal or sometimes marginal placentation ; style short or absent; stigma sessile, simple or trilobed ( Tetrameranthus ).

23. Polyalthia flower

24. Cyathocalyx

25. Fruits and seeds: Fruit an etaerio of berries, seeds large, endospermic.

26. Etaerio of Berries

27. An aggregate fruit or  etaerio  (/ ɛˈtɪərioʊ /) is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separate in a single flower.

28. Annona squamosa seeds

29. Pollination and Dispersal: Pollination generally by flies; dispersal by birds, bats or mammals.

30. Floral Formulae

31. Floral Diagram Artabotrys odoratissimus R. Br.

32. Economic Importance of Annonaceae

33. All are grown for their edible fruits

34. Asimina triloba – edible fruits

35. Xylopia aethiopica (Negro pepper) used as substitute to Indian Black Pepper.

36. Xylopia parviflora wood is used for making plywood.

37. Cananga odorata beautiful sweet-smelling flowers. Oil from flowers used in perfume industry

38. Meiogyne pannosa yields strong fibre – paper making & cordage

39. Annona reticulata ( Ramphal )

40. Annona muricata ( Maniphal )

41. Annona cherimola ( Hanumanphal )

42. Thank You