**The Fascinating World of Ornithopters: Emulating Nature's Flight**

An ornithopter is a type of aircraft that achieves flight by flapping its wings, mimicking the natural movement of birds and insects. This design concept dates back to the visionary sketches of Leonardo da Vinci, who was inspired by the mechanics of avian flight. Ornithopters rely on the principles of biomimicry, using intricate wing designs and movements to generate lift and propulsion. These machines combine elements of aerodynamics and mechanical engineering to emulate the flight mechanics of real birds, making them a fascinating subject in both the history of aviation and modern aerospace engineering.

Modern ornithopters range from small, toy-like models to advanced drones used for research and surveillance. They are celebrated for their unique flight mechanics, which differ significantly from conventional fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft. By studying and developing ornithopters, scientists and engineers gain insights into the complex dynamics of wing motion and avian-inspired flight, advancing our understanding of both natural and mechanical flight.

1. HADWARE WORKSHOP PROJECT ORNITHOPTER - 13 SAHIL VERMA (2023IMT-070) OLVEEN MEENA (2023IMT-053) ADITYA PRATAP (2023IMG-003) KARTIKEYA AWASTHI (2023IMG-061) ADITYA VARSHNEY (2023IMG-060 )

2. TOPICS # Introduction -Motivation - Working Principle -Components - Design and Mechanism - Circuit Diagram - Research & Development -Outcomes - Future Possibility -Applications -References

3. INTRODUCTION An Ornithopter is a type of aircraft that flies by flapping its wings, like birds, bats, and insects. It's one of the oldest ideas for human flight, with famous people like Leonardo da Vinci drawing designs for these machines .

4. MOTIVATION Technological Advancements : The desire to emulate the beauty and efficiency of avian flight has driven the development of electrical Ornithopter. Military Applications : Unique flight mechanism allows for more maneuverability, potentially quieter operation compared to traditional aircraft. Curiosity and Wonder : The potential for environmentally friendly aerial vehicles has sparked interest in electrical Ornithopters. 4

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE An Ornithopter works like an airplane. When it moves forward, its wings push air downwards, creating lift. Instead of a propeller, the wings flap to generate thrust.

6. COMPONENTS & IT’S USE #BRUSHLEES MOTOR * KV Motor 1400 * Hex Rotar Copter * Light and Efficient # SERVO MOTOR * Light and Efficient #BATTERY * 11v power * Rechargeable # ESC Speed Controller * 30 A ESC Speed controller # Recevier : * Light and Efficient

7. Controller

8. INNER CIRCUIT OF ORNITHOPTER

9. MECHANISM AND DESIGN.

10. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT WINGS (100 CM) CIRCUIT CONTROLLED TAILS WORKING 3-STAGE GEARBOX

11. WORKING VIDEO AND PHOTOS 11 WORKING ASSEMBLED BODY

12. HOW FAR WE GOT. 12

13. CHALLENGES - Energy Efficiency : Flapping wings use a lot of energy. - Complex Mechanical Design : Ornithopters need complicated machines to copy how birds flap their wings. - Stability and Control : It's harder to keep Ornithopters stable and in control while flying. - Payload Capacity : Ornithopters can't carry as much weight as other aircraft. - Noise Levels : Flapping wings make a lot of noise, which can be a problem when you need to be quiet.

14. - Limited Range and Speed : Ornithopters can't fly as far or as fast as other aircraft. - Weather Sensitivity : Ornithopters can't handle bad weather like strong winds as well as other aircraft. - Durability and Maintenance : Ornithopters can break more easily and need more repairs because they're so complicated. - Regulatory and Safety Concerns : It's tricky to make rules and keep things safe when using Ornithopters in the sky.

15. APPLICATIONS 1) Surveillance and Reconnaissance : Ornithopters can be used for spying and exploring areas. 2) Environmental Monitoring : They can help study animals and track changes in nature. Search and Rescue : Ornithopters are good for finding and saving people in difficult places.. 4) Research and Development : Scientists use Ornithopters to learn more about how things fly. 5) Military Applications : Ornithopters might be used in wars or by the army.

16. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES # Advancements in Automation : Looking into making bird-like flying machines that can fly by themselves using smart technology. # Integration with Technology : Using bird-like flapping wing technology in different industries to make things work better and do new things. # Biomedical and Scientific Research : Using bird-like machines to explore and observe things in science and medicine to discover new things.

17. REFRENCES # Aviation and Robotics Journals : Reputable journals are like magazines that publish articles and studies about Ornithopters (which are machines that fly by flapping their wings) and aerial robotics (which are robots that fly in the air). These journals are trusted sources where experts share their research and findings in these areas. # Biomimicry and Engineering : Books or articles about how people are making robots that can fly by learning from how animals fly and how their bodies work. # Innovative Research Publications : I'm exploring cool research papers that have helped make ornithopters better.

18. THANK YOU