The fetal skull

Introduction

1. OBSTETRICS AND GYNEACOLOGY NURSING IMP QUESTIONS PRESENTED BY PAREKH KISHAN P.B.B.Sc . NURSING

2. Q.3)DESCRIBED THE FETAL SKULL (MARKS:5/8) The skull is divided into the vault, the base and the face. The vault is the large dome shaped part above the imaginary line drowns between the orbital ridges and the nape of the neck. The base is composed of bones which are firmly united to protect the vital centres in the medulla. The face is composed of 14 small bones which are also firmly united and non- compressible.

3. Bones of the Vault -- There are five main bones in the vault of the fetal skull. A. The occipital bone lies at the back of the head and forms the region of the occiput. B. The two parietal bones lie on either side of the skull. C. The two frontal bones from the forehead or sinciput. D. The two temporal bones from the both side of skull.

4. Sutures and fontanelles Sutures are cranial joints and are formed where two bones adjoin. Where two or more sutures meet, a fontanell is formed. Types of sutures A. The lambdoidal suture is shped like the Greek letter lambda and separates the occipital bone from the two parital bones. B. The sagital suture lies between the parital bones. C. The coronal suture separetes the frontal bones from the parital bones, passing from one temple to the other. D. The frontal suture runs between the two haves of the frontal bone.

5. Types of fontanelle The posterior fontanelle or lambda is situated at the junction of the lambdiodal and sagital sutures. It is small triangular in shape and can be recogonized vaginally. The anterior fontanelle or bregma is found at the junction of the sagittal, coronal and frontal sutures and recognized vaginally. The sutures and fontanelles, because they consist of memberanous spaces, allow for a degree of overlapping of the skull bones during labour and delivery.

6. Sutures Fontanelles Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle

7. Land Marks of the Fetal Skull :- - Sinciput - Occiput - Glabella - Anterior fontanelle - The vertex - Posterior fontanelle - Occuputal protuberunse - The mentum Sinciput Anterior Fontanelle Posterior Fontanelle Occiput protuburance Vertex Glabela Mentum Occiput

8. Diameters of the Fetal Skull The measurement of the skulls are transverse, anteropositerior or longitudinal. - Transverse diameters - Biparietal diameter 9.5 cm between the parietal eminence - Bitemporal diameter 8.2cm between the furthers points of the coronal suture at the temples. - Anteroposterior or longitudinal diameters - Suboccipitobregmatic 9.5 cm from below the occipital protuberance to the center of the anterior fontanelle or bregma.

9. - Suboccipitofrontal 10cm from below occipital protuberance to the center of the frontal suture. - Occipitofrontal 11.5 cm from the occipital protuberance to the glabella. - Mentovertical 13.5cm from the point of the chin to the highest point on the vertex sightly nearer to the posterior than to the anterior fontanelle. - Submentovertical 11.5 cm from the point where the chin joins the neck to the highest point on the vertex. - Submentobregmatic 9.5cm from the point where the chin joins the neck to the center of the bregma.

10. Diameters of Fetal skull