The french revolution overview and timeline- version 2.0

1. The French Revolution By Camron Hughes

2. The Beginning How it started and the causes that led up to the French Revolution

3. The Old Regime First Estate consisted of the Clergy - 2% of all income Roman Catholic Church Second Estate nobles and other members - 20% of all land ignored taxes * known as the two privileged estates

4. The Old Regime Continued The Third Estate consisted of 97% of all of the population divided into 3 subclasses a. Bourgeoisie - merchants, bankers, artists b. City workers - tradespeople, apprentices c. Peasants - paid about half their income - tax Lacked privileges compared to two other estates

5. The Enlightenment Ideas The third estates is inspired by the ideas of the American revolution Began questioning the structure of society Eventually demanded democracy over absolute monarchy - “life and liberty”

6. Economic Troubles in France 1780’s - France has a heavy taxation on the Third Estate, bad weather creates shortage in the number of crops, and leads to starvation in the Third Estate - business is rough in this era Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette help out with the deficit/debt by extravagant spending

7. Louis XVI and Marie Louis procrastinated and was indecisive in his decisions - imposed taxes on the nobility when there was virtually no money left - Second Estate called for an assembly - Estate-General- representatives from all 3 estates to deal with the mounting debt approves a tax - (doesn’t help that much)

8. The National Assembly Third Estate wants to create an assembly under Joseph Sieyes National Assembly is created on June 17th, 1789 3 days later locked out of their meeting room Stormed into a indoor tennis court and demanded a new constitution be made Tennis Court Oath

9. Bastille is Stormed Rumors spread of Louis XVI sending troops to massacre French citizens or break the National assembly - want to protect Paris June 4th - In Paris, a mob storms the prison and becomes a symbolic act of the start of the French Revolution Afterwards, a big time of worry came to France - The Great Fear

10. The Great Fear A time where people worried that nobles were sending outlaws to kill peasants Peasants stormed nobles’ manors and destroyed the “tax” papers or the houses In one case, women in Paris stormed Versailles, killed multiple guards, and demanded that Louis XVI and Marie return (fight over bread) - but they eventually leave

11. Reform and Terror for Many Dictators, Guillotines, and a Whole Lot of Blood

12. Nobles Side with the N.A. They joined the national assembly more out of fear than the ideas behind the assembly - much of the two upper classes being attacked by the Third Estate Old Regime was dead by August 4th, 1789 since both upper classes joined - feudal privileges gone and equal classes are created

13. France’s “Declaration” drafted with similar ideals to that of the U.S. Declaration of Independence - The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen kept “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” in mind

14. N.A. Reforms to the Church The National Assembly took the church’s land and said that church leaders were to be elected as state officials - Catholics are not happy Catholic church loses independence and land Some devout peasants went against the assembly from this point, forward

15. The Creation of a Constitution Two years of debate and long arguments lead to a constitution in 1791 - signed by Louis What the N.A. Constitution Did… limited the authority of the king created a legislative body - Legislative Assembly L.A. could create laws and approve war

16. The Splitting of the L.A. old problems such as food shortage arose and answers caused the L.A. to split. Radicals Moderates Conservatives opposed monarchy and wanted a lot of drastic changes in the government wanted some changes to the government but not too much liked how things were with the limited monarchy and wanted little change in government

17. WAR!!!...and gore Nobles in other European countries are worried as they look at what is happening in France - Austria and Prussia take action L.A. declares war in 1792 Revolutionaries take Louis, Marie, and their children prisoner with a raid of 20,000 people

18. War Cont. peasant kill over 1,000 prisoners in fear that the loyal ones to the king would let him escape - “September Massacre” - Louis Constitution of 1791 - dissolved the L.A., called for new legislature and disposed the king - National Convention created declared France as a republic - the Jacobins or the “radical” group involved with change

19. War Cont. Jean - Paul Marat and George Dalton were major contributors during this time N.C. eventually beheaded Louis in 1793 France was winning against Austria and Prussia (Battle of Valmy) but enemy allies were created (Britain, Spain, and Austria) series of defeats - Meanwhile, an extreme Jacobin known as Max Robespierre took control

20. Reign of Terror Under Max’s control, many changes took place - calendar, closed churches, etc. Ruled as a dictator as the head of safety - executed as many as 40,000 for dumb reasons eventually taken down by the rest of the N.C in 1794 and a new draft of government was formed in 1795 - the creation of the Directory and election of a new general… followed

21. The Time of Napoleon Bonaparte How he created an empire and how he ended up destroying it...

22. Sweet..Napoleon! Sent to a military school at age 16 in 1785, he was given a chance to defend the delegate of the N.C. in 1795 from rebels loyal to the crown Became hero in eyes of French citizens and had a series of victories while general (exception was at Egypt)

23. Napoleon Seizes the Directory In 1799 the Directory had lost political authority/faith from French citizens Napoleon was urged by others to be a political leader after his dealing in Egypt - drove most of the Directory’s members out and it was dissolved (a coup d’etat ) He became a dictator and first consul- (3 consuls)

24. Napoleon’s Actions as Dictator New constitution created in 1800 Set up an efficient way of tax collection as well as a bank system for France Dismissed corrupt officials and set government - run public schools ( lycees) Established a new relationship between church and state - the concordat Creation of the Napoleonic Code - set of laws

25. Napoleon Cont. In 1789, Revolution ideas spread to the area known as present- day Haiti - demanding rights - civil war breaks out Napoleon in 1801 tried to take back the colony for the sugar industry - fails Cuts his losses and sells the Louisiana Territory in 1803 to the U.S. Becomes emperor of France in 1804

26. Napoleon Tries for Europe He turned his attention to Europe and set his eyes on conquering most of it - was successful overall with Switzerland and parts of Italy - failed at the Battle of Trafalgar against Britain's navy Had many “puppet governments” in various countries across Europe

27. Napoleon’s Undoing and Peninsular War Napoleon failed to keep his French empire going - only lasted for 5 years He failed for 3 reasons (1 BIG reason): Set up a blockade and closed ports - no exports from Britain or any other country (Britain responded and his efforts were useless) Tried to get Portugal to accept the Continental System by force (invasion in Spain) - 30,000 men lost by peasant fighters ( guerrillas )

28. The Big Reason Napoleon invades Russia in 1812 and Alexander I orders a policy known as the scorched- earth policy - killing of grain and cattle - no food for enemy to eat Napoleon was successful until Moscow where the city was destroyed while Napoleon was present - weakened and attacked by the Russians - turned back with only 10,000 soldiers compared to the 420,000 he originally had due to mostly hunger, cold, or the series of clashes they had with the Russians

29. Europe vs. Napoleon Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden all decided to take advantage of this defeat - tries to bring up another army around 1813 Is defeated once again and gave up his throne in 1814 - exiled to Elba near Italy by the leaders of Russia and Prussia

30. Napoleon Tries again…. Louis XVI’s brother is brought to the throne - worry among people that the “old ways” would be brought back Napoleon takes this opportunity to make a comeback - becomes emperor for a short period of time - Britain and Prussian armies defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo (Belgium) (Known as the Hundred Days )

31. The Congress of Vienna Gathering of the European countries

32. The Meeting of the Five Powers Britain, Russia, Austria, France and Prussia had representatives meet to essentially set up policies for all of Europe to insure stability - most influential from Austria Klems von Metternich - felt that democracy was bad - due to Revolution - wanted three goals of the Congress of Vienna

33. Three Goals of Metternich Prevent future aggression from France by surrounding the country with strong countries A balance of power so that no country could “take over” or be a threat to each other Restore the kings and queens to their rightful place - royal families back on the throne

34. The First Reason and Action United the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to create the Kingdom of Netherlands - Switzerland now independent Joined 39 states of Germany to form the German Confederation Genoa was added to the Kingdom of Sardinia (Italy) to strengthen it

35. The Second Reason and Action Many felt they should weaken France, but also felt that France should not be out right powerless France was kept how it was - a diminished power among the other European countries “balance of power”

36. The Third Reason and Action Many believed in legitimacy - thrones given back to “rightful monarchs” - thought this would stabilize “relations between nations” Everyone is happy!! No grudges against one another!! - peace for about 40 years Various constitutional monarchies and absolute monarchies sprang from the Congress of Vienna

37. The Holy Alliance and Concert of Europe agreements to help each other out if a revolution was to ever break out since many in 1815 feared that the French Revolution ideals would inspire others to do something similar - Conservatives vs. Liberals Could not totally contain it and revolutions would break out eventually in the mid - early 1800’s - (kind of failed)

38. Legacy of the Congress of Vienna and the French Revolution Helped increase the power of Britain and Prussia while diminishing France’s power The spreading of nationalism and the “explosion” of new countries came, things that the Congress tried to contain. The French Revolution also brought democracy more and more into the light - was starting to become more accepted

39. THANK YOU!!