THE GREAT INDIAN SOIL (1).pptx indian soil

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1. THE GREAT INDIAN SOIL THE GREAT INDIAN SOIL

2. MEMBERS MANASH SANJEEVANI BADAL M.SUFIYAN MAHAMID ALI DEVRAJ

3. WHAT IS SOIL ? The loose material or the upper layer of the mantle rock (regolith – a layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock) consisting mainly of very small particles and humus which can support the growth of plants is known as “soil”.  soil is composed of four elements: Inorganic or mineral fractions derived from the parent material Organic matter (decayed and decomposed plants and animals) Air Water

4. Different Types of Soil in India  the  Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)  has classified soils into 6 categories. The types of soil in India according to this are: Alluvial Soil Black Cotton Soil Red & Yellow Soil Laterite Soil Mountainous or Forest Soil Arid or Desert Soil

5. 1.  Alluvial Soil Alluvial soils are widespread in the northern plains and river valleys.It covers about 40% of the total land area of the country .  States - Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, parts of Gujarat and northern Rajasthan Types: Khadar (new), Bhangar (old) Main Features: Most extensive, very fertile Formed by river deposits Texture: sandy loam to clay Rich in potash, poor in phosphorus Major Crops: Rice, wheat, sugarcane, maize, pulses, oilseeds, jute

6. 2. Black Soil (Deccan Plateau)  Also known as regur soil or black cotton soil, it forms from volcanic rocks and its findings is in the Deccan Plateau. States: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu Types: Regur/Black cotton soil Main Features: Moisture retentive, clayey Swells when wet, cracks when dry Rich in lime, iron, magnesium Deficient in nitrogen, phosphorous Major Crops: Cotton, groundnut, sugarcane, mustard, wheat, sorghum (jowar), linseed

7. 3.Red & Yellow Soil (Eastern, Southern India, Central Plateau) States: Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, southeast Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Madhya Pradesh Main Features: Reddish-yellow colour due to iron Less fertile, needs fertilizers Deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus Major Crops: Cotton, wheat, pulses, rice, groundnut, millets

8.  4. Laterite Soil (Western & Eastern Ghats, Plateau Regions) Develops in tropical regions with high rainfall and temperature. Intense leaching removes soluble minerals, leaving behind iron and aluminum oxides. States: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand Main Features: Formed by leaching, high iron-aluminium Acidic, poor nutrients Major Crops: Tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, cashew, rice, pulses Rich in : Iron , aluminium , potash

9. 5. Desert/Arid Soil (Western India) States: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab Main Features: Sandy texture, poor organic matter Low moisture retention Saline and alkaline in places Major Crops: Millets (bajra), pulses, barley, cotton (limited), wheat (irrigated

10. 6. Mountain/Forest Soil (Himalayan & Hilly States) States: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, North-East India Main Features: Rich in organic matter (humus) Acidic, coarse on slopes, fertile in valleys Major Crops: Tea, coffee, spices, maize, barley, wheat, temperate fruits (apple, plum)

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