The heart structure

and cardiovascular system

1. P3 outline the gross structure of all the main body systems Structure and Function of the Major Body Systems. You have been employed by a local hospital to help develop resources for a group of trainee nurses. You are required to produce a detailed booklet outlining the structure and function of the major body systems. The booklet should cover the following areas; Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Digestive system Renal system Nervous system Endocrine system Musculo -skeletal system Immune system Lymphatic system Reproductive system (male and female )

2. STARTER What do you know about the heart? - O n a post it note, come up with any terms you know or can remember about the structure of the heart. (particularly the structure)

3. Year 12 The Heart LO = Recall the structure of the heart and how it’s structure relates to function 6.1

4. The Human Heart The heart is a muscular organ located between the lungs in the centre of the chest (thorax), and is about the size of a fist. It pumps blood continuously around the body. It pumps blood around the body at different speeds and pressures according to the body’s needs. It is divided into two halves, left and right. Each half acts as a separate pump

5. The Human heart consists of four chambers . Each half consists of an upper atrium and a lower ventricle .

6. Two upper chambers, called the atria , are thin walled cavities that receive blood from veins. Two lower chambers, called the ventricles , are thick walled cavities that receive blood from the atria and pump blood away from the heart through artiers . The cavity of the heart is divided completely by a partition called the SEPTUM Septum

7. The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood out into the body’s arteries via the AORTA Deoxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart via the VENA CAVA Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs via the PULMONARY ARTERY The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the PULMONARY VEINS RIGHT HAND SIDE LEFT HAND SIDE Atrioventricular valve Atrioventricular valve Semilunar valves Semilunar valves

8. VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE Heart Anatomy

9. USE THE TERMS BELOW: (ignore valves for now!) Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Left Atrium Right Atrium Septum Aorta Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve TASK: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE HEART (ALWAYS STATE LEFT OR RIGHT!!!) EXTENSION : Why are the walls of atria thinner than the walls of the ventricles and why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?

10. Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle The direction of blood flow through the heart is maintained be valves Between the atrium and The ventricles are the ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVES Atrioventricular (AV) valves Atrioventricular (AV) valves This valve prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atrium Pocket-shapes valves known as SEMILUNAR VALVES are located at the base of the arteries responsible for transporting blood away from the heart and p reventing black flow in to ventricles Semilunar valves Aorta Pulmonary Artery Valves

11. Valves viewed from above Thinner- walled right ventricle Thicker- walled left ventricle AV Valve AV Valve S emi -lunar valve S emi -lunar valve Heart Valves

12. KEY TERMS

13. KEY TERMS The aorta is connected to the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the lungs. The vena cava is connected to the right atrium and brings deoxygenated blood back from the tissues of the body. The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The Pulmonary vein is connected to the left atrium and brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs. The semi-lunar valves are found in the aorta and pulmonary artery. They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles . The atrioventricular (AV) valve lie between the atria and ventricles. They stop the blood flowing back from the ventricles into the atria. They have strong fibres and cords to stop them turning inside out.

14. LORD L eft side of the heart receives O xygenated blood and delivers it to the body tissues D eoxygenated blood and delivers it to the lungs R ight side of the heart receives