the human digestive system and its parts and functions

this is a powerpoint about digestive system for grade 8 learners

1. The Human Digestive System

2. The Human Digestive System THE ORGANS THAT TAKE IN FOOD AND LIQUIDS AND BREAK THEM DOWN INTO SUBSTANCES THAT THE BODY CAN USE FOR ENERGY, GROWTH, AND TISSUE REPAIR.

3. The Human Digestive System THE FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IS TO DIGEST AND ABSORB FOOD AND THEN EXCRETE THE WASTE PRODUCTS.

4. Without food, water and oxygen, human beings could not survive. The digestive system is a set of organs which change what we eat into substances that can be used in the body. These substances can be used for energy, growth and repair.

5. Food can be broken down (digested) in one of two ways: Mechanical Digestion This is where large pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces of the same food Chemical Digestion This is where food is broken down into a different substance that can easily pass into the blood

6. Parts of the Digestive System Mouth Pharynx esophagus Stomach small intestine large intestine rectm anus

7. Mouth The start of digestive System The mouth helps break down food in which helps the food to be digest in the body The mouth produced the saliva which breaks down the chemicals in the food a bit, which helps make the food mushy and easy to swallow

8. Mouth Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch). Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.

9. Esophagus a long, thin, and muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach.  Food and fluids are propelled through the esophagus  into the stomach

10. Esophagus Approximately 20 cm long. Functions include: Secrete mucus Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn. Mouth, Pharynx and Esophagus Video

11. Stomach a J-Shape muscular sac that lies between the  esophagus  and the  small intestine  in the upper abdomen . The stomach releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food it can also expand to temporarily store food . Normally about 1.5-2 liters, maximum capacity 3-4 liters.

12. Small Intestine absorbs about 90 % of the nutrients from the food we eat.  The small intestine is called small because the diameter or the width of the tube is much less than the large intestine The small intestine is the location in the body where the majority of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed . Digested food passes through the wall of the intestine into the blood vessels which then distribute the nutrition first to the  liver  and then through the rest of the body.

13. Small Intestine Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. Absorbs: 80% ingested water Vitamins Minerals Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Secretes digestive enzymes 13

14. Small Intestine Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption. 14 Crash Course Review

15. Large intestine a little fatter and a little smaller than the small intestine Performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into waste(feces) As your body takes back water, it just leaves waste products behind.  These become dryer and harder so it is easier for your body to get rid of them

16. Large Intestine About 1.5 meters long Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb

17. Large Intestine Rectum (short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled).

18. Large Intestine also known as colon

19. anus the opening at the far end of the digestive tract through which stool leaves the body . Acts like a gate that allows the waste to exit the body

20. Accessory Organs The Glands Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role. Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

21. Liver ( Atay ) The liver plays an role in the process of digestion through the production of  bile.

22. Liver Bile helps digest fat. This helps carry away waste products from the liver. All the blood leaving the stomach and instestines passes through the liver. filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons. 22

23. Pancreas ( Lapay ) part of the digestive system and produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods.  Enzymes , or digestive juices, produced by the pancreas are secreted into the small intestine to further break down food after it has left the stomach

24. Pancreas Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin . Web Page Reinforcement Video

25. Gall bladder ( Apdo ) a small storage organ located to the liver .  holds bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods.

26. Gall Bladder The gall bladder stores and concetrates bile from the liver. The bile is then released into the first section of the small intestine where it helps your body to break down and absorb fats from food.

27. Chemical digestion breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells.  begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva .  The enzymes necessary for proper chemical digestion are in equilibrium .

28. Mechanical Digestion involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces.  Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth as the food is chewed . These are how food is break down physically:

29. Difference between Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Diagram

30. How did the Digestive System maintains Homeostasis The digestive system maintains homeostasis by creating the proper pH balance in the gastric environment. In addition, by maintaining the correct enzyme ratio, the digestive system nurtures beneficial bacteria that inhibit disease and produce biological substances the body needs such as vitamin K.

31. How did the Digestive System maintains Homeostasis Hemeostasis - a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.

32. Describe the path food travels throughout the digestive system

33. How the Digestion system affects other Body Systems The digestion system makes and distribute the nutrients to the rest of the body systems This provides the systems energy to keep on working which is why you have energy to do daily life activities Example The digestive system works in parallel with the excretory system. While the digestive system collects and removes undigested solids, the excretory system filters compounds from the blood stream and collects them in urine. They are closely connected in controlling the amount of water in your body. 

34. How other body systems affect the system Other body parts helps give the ability of the digestion system to digest the food Both certain bones of the skeletal system and muscles of the muscular system are involved in chewing food.  The muscular system also plays an important role in swallowing food and moving the products of the digestion process along the gastrointestinal tract The endocrine system interacts with the digestive system in that there are hormones that play a role the digestion process The functioning of the nervous system can also have an impact on how digestion progresses.

35. 2 diseases of the system Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD ): Severe “heartburn” in laymen’s language. Weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of angina. Jaundice : Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes from a backup of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues. May result from blockage of the ducts draining bile from the liver into the intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Hemoglobin from destroyed RBCs is broken down, and in part, ends up in bile secretions.

36. Effects of Outside/environmental factors on the Digestion System Stress have the opposite effect on your digestive tract. For some constitutions, it can cause food to move too quickly through your system, not leaving enough time for the nutrients to be absorbed, which leads to nutritional deficiencies . The negative effects of drug abuse on the digestive system are due mainly to the deterioration of the mucous membrane lining that runs through the entire GI tract. The mucous membrane helps to break down food in a process called perastalsis . When this lining is damaged, it leaves areas like the intestine and stomach walls vulnerable to damage and more serious ailments . Overeating can slow down the digestive process and the food we eat remains in the stomach for longer duration of time.

37. 3 Fun facts about the digestion System When you eat something, the food doesn't simply fall through your esophagus and into your stomach. The muscles in your esophagus constrict and relax in a wavelike manner called peristalsis, pushing the food down through the small canal and into the stomach. Because of peristalsis, even if you were to eat while hanging upside down, the food would still be able to get to your stomach . The stomach is an integral part of the digestive system, but it's not the same in all animals. Some animals have stomachs with multiple compartments. (They're often mistakenly said to have multiple stomachs.) Cows and other "ruminants" — including giraffes, deer and cattle — have four-chambered stomachs, which help them digest their plant-based food.

38. Cited Sources "The Digestive System." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2017 . "How the Body Works Main Page." KidsHealth. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2017 . "Interactions of the Digestive System with Other Systems." Interactions of the Digestive System with Other Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2017 . "Liver." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2017 . Rubin, E., and J. L. Farber . "Environmental Diseases of the Digestive System." The Medical Clinics of North America. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Mar. 1990. Web. 29 Mar. 2017 . Studios, Andrew Rader . "Digestion - Eating and Elimination!" Biology4Kids.com: Animal Systems: Digestive System. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2017 . Zimmermann, Kim Ann. "Digestive System: Facts, Function & Diseases." LiveScience. Purch , 11 Mar. 2016. Web. 29 Mar. 2017.

39. Links to YouTube videos about the digestion system https:// m.youtube.com/watch?v=s06XzaKqELk https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_ QYwscALNng https:// m.youtube.com/watch?v=123UsYMdS2o

40. 1. A j-shaped muscular bag, and can store liquid and food normally about 1.5-2 liters, maximum capacity 3-4 liters . – stomach 2. accessory organ in the digestive system where it produce the enzyme insulin 3. Accessory organ, produce bile 4. It connects the pharynx and the stomach 5. It is part of the human digestive system where 905 of the nutrients is absorb 6. It acts like a gate, that close and open when feces exits the body 7. chewing, grindinding and swallowing of food takes place in what part of the digestive system. 8. Temporray storage of the feces before it exit the body 10.

41. On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ: 9. Green : 10. Red : 11. Pink : 12. Brown : 13. Purple : 14. Green : 15. Yellow :

42. How’d you do? Green: Esophagus Red: Stomach Pink: Small Intestine Brown: Large Intestine Purple: Liver Green: Gall Bladder Yellow: Pancreas Great Job!