The Human Person

1. THE HUMAN PERSON Kristine Dulnuan Juana Sophiya Ariza Garcia Lyka Lalu Aldrin Ergs Nabong Christabel Rolle Prince Christian Jeric Soliman Micah Tolibas

2. Objectives: Explain the nature of the human person. Differentiate the needs and values based from different persons’ point of view. Define terms related to conscience.

3. The Notion of a Person

4. The Notion of a Person History In ancient Rome… “persona” in Latin “ prosopon ” ( πρόσωπον ) in Greek “the face” or the masks worn by actors on stage The masks represent the different “persona”.

5. The Notion of a Person What is a person? “The person is seen as more than an isolated individual body, but as a dynamically interior person able to grow deeply in oneself through the others with whom he or she communicates, therefore seeing the person in terms of relation to other persons.” - Maritain

6. The Notion of a Person What is a person? “any entity that has the moral right of self-determination.” the kind of being that has the moral right to make its own life-choices and to live its life without being provoked interfered by others

7. The Notion of a Person What is a person? the individual’s uniqueness which cannot be interchanged and therefore cannot be counted a being that has certain capacities or attributes constituting personhood, which in turn is defined differently by different authors in different disciplines and by different cultures in different times and places

8. The Notion of a Person LAW: A person is a human being or a corporation recognized in law as having certain rights and obligations. PHILOSOPHY: A person is a being characterized by consciousness, rationality, and a moral sense, and traditionally thought of as consisting of both a body and a mind or soul.

9. The Notion of a Person Personhood the status of being a person a controversial topic in philosophy and law closely tied to legal and political concepts of citizenship, equality, and liberty

10. Needs and Values of Human Persons Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs

11. Needs and Values of Human Persons Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs Human beings initially set their priorities according to their existential needs such as food, clothes and sleep. If the existential needs are not met survival is threatened and life itself is in danger. 2. If the existential needs are satisfied the need for safety is awakened: The desire for protection from the risks to life such as war, sickness, accident, environmental catastrophes etc. take centre ground.

12. Needs and Values of Human Persons Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs 3. The next level in the priority pyramid according to Maslow concerns the social needs: The human being wants to be with like-minded people, he wants to be accepted and loved. 4. The following level is concerned with self-regard and the esteem of other people: The human being wants to strengthen his self-confidence and for this purpose seeks regard and recognition from other people.

13. Needs and Values of Human Persons Needs: Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs 5. The top objective is the need for self-realization: The human being wants to be able to be himself and to permanently be able to experience inner peace, happiness and harmony.

14. Needs and Values of Human Persons

15. The Human Act: Its Characteristics

16. The Human Act: Its Characteristics Knowledge Freedom Willfulness

17. Knowledge a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education theoretical or practical understanding of a subject can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject) can be more or less formal or systematic

18. Knowledge In  philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology. The philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as "justified true belief." However, no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists, though there are numerous theories to explain it. Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication, association and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of acknowledgment in human beings

19. Freedom   the state of being free at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint exception from external control, interference, regulation, etc . the power to determine action without  restraint political or national  independence personal liberty, as opposed to bondage or  slavery

20. Willfulness said or done on purpose; deliberate o bstinately bent on having one's own way.

21. Conscience

22. Definition of Conscience Latin words: cum (with ) and scientia  (knowledge ) thus meaning “with knowledge”

23. Definition of Conscience an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment of the intellect that distinguishes right from wrong tends to be defined as the feeling that may make a person believe that certain actions, or failures of actions, are inherently wrong Philosophers, religious leaders, psychologists and a variety of others have tried to determine the source of such emotions, and many arrive at different answers .

24. Definition of Conscience In many religions that worship the Judeo/Christian/Islamic god, conscience is a God-given facility; something that people have with us from birth. In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a human commits actions that go against his/her moral values and to feelings of rectitude or integrity when actions conform to such  norms.

25. Definition of Conscience   “ Conscience is a man's compass”. - Vincent van Gogh

26. Conscience as a “Practical Judgment” A practical judgment means an operative, efficacious, active judgment. But a truly efficacious, active judgment must be the root and starting point of our action. In a word, such a judgment must necessarily result in action, unless impeded by a contrary, practical judgment. We must note carefully that the operation of an intelligent being is always physically begun and determined by a judgment.

27. Conscience as a “Practical Judgment” Conscience is entirely separate from action, and that we can act even against the dictate of conscience. Conscience, therefore, does not necessarily lead to action; it is not a judgment on which action depends, or to which action is physically joined. Conscience is not an operative judgment, and properly speaking cannot be called a practical judgment.  It has been called a practical judgment because the word practical has been taken in a broad sense. Instead of being understood solely of something active or pertaining to action (its true meaning), practical now indicates something referring to, or ordered to, action.

28. Conscience as a “Practical Judgment” As a practical moral judgment, conscience takes the form: “I ought to do X.” Aquinas points out that when I make such a judgment, I should follow it. But acting on my conscience is not enough. Like any other kind of judgment—business, artistic, scientific or athletic—we base our moral judgments not only on principles but on evidence, data and information. A judgment made without data, evidence or information is a foolish one indeed. Thus, Aquinas thought it is as important to inform one’s conscience properly as it is to follow it. If I refuse to look at evidence or information in forming my moral judgment, I am actually refusing to act morally .

29. Different Kinds of Conscience: Antecedent and Consequent Conscience Judgment is passed before an action is performed or only after the action is done.

30. Different Kinds of Conscience: Right and Erroneous Conscience Right - judge what is really good as good and evil what is really evil. Erroneous - judges what is bad as good and vice versa.

31. Different Kinds of Conscience: Certain Conscience Subjective assurance of the lawfulness or unlawfulness of certain actions to be done or to be admitted.

32. Different Kinds of Conscience: Doubtful Conscience Suspends judgment on the lawfulness of an action and therefore( it is possible) the action should be omitted.

33. Different Kinds of Conscience: Scrupulous Conscience Constantly afraid of committing evil. This conscience is a result of a stubborn character.

34. Different Kinds of Conscience: Lax Conscience Conscience that tends to follow the easy way and to find excuses for mistakes.

35. Different Kinds of Conscience: Scrupulous Conscience Disturbed conscience trying to restore good relations with God by means of sorrow and repentance.