( the Innate Immunity ) persentation

Innate Immunity

1. Amel Mahrooz Abdullah Innate Immunity

2. line of protection innate immunity learned immunity chief line of protection second line of protection third line of protection intact skin Mucosa and its oozes Normal microflora Natural killer cells and phagocytic leukocytes Irritation Fever Antimicrobial substances Antimicrobial substances and Lymphocytes Lymphocytes [1]. Introduction

3. Innate , or nonspecific, immunity is a defense system you have been born with that protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity consists of barriers that save you dangerous substances from getting into the body. These obstacles shape the first line of protection inside the immune reaction [2]. Examples of innate immunity consist of: The cough reflex Mucus, which traps bacteria and small particles Enzymes in tears and skin oils gastric acid The skin Innate Immunity

4. Also called natural and nonspecific . Act both the first and second lines of defense. It is present from birth. The mechanisms it uses are generic and are continuously prepared to act, deprived of postponement. They are triggered in the similar method every time the separate suffers an bout . Innate Immunity

5. Irrespective of the incidence of the violence, the devices usage are the similar each time. It's constant. It is mediated by cells and proteins.

6. It is the immunity that develops with publicity to various antigens. The person's immune device builds a protection in opposition to that precise antigen. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

7. Passive immunity is due to antibodies being produced in a distinct frame than ours. Babies have passive immunity, as they're born with antibodies that the mother passes directly to them through the placenta. These antibodies disappear among the ages of 6 and twelve months [3]. PASSIVE IMMUNITY

8. Passive immunity can also be due to an injection of serum containing antibodies made through another character or animal. This affords instantaneous antigen protection, however does no longer offer lengthy-time period safety. Serum immunoglobulin (given for exposure to hepatitis) and tetanus antidote are examples of passive immunity [3].

9. Also called natural and nonspecific. Act both the first and second lines of defense. It is present from birth. The mechanisms it uses are generic and are continuously prepared to act, deprived of postponement. They are triggered in the similar method every time the separate suffers an bout. Irrespective of the incidence of the violence, the devices usage are the similar each time. It's constant. It is mediated by cells and proteins [4]. LINE OF DEFENSE INNATE IMMUNITY

10. Endocytosis : ingestion of fácil basto (macromolecules) from the extracelular fluid by means of invagination of minor endocytic vesicles. Endocytosis can occur in two different ways: Pinocytosis : occurs due to nonspecific invagination of the plasma membrane. Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Macromolecules are selectively adopted owing to their compulsory to a exact membrane receptor. MECHANISMS OF THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE

11. Formation of lysosomes : digestion and elimination. Phagocytosis: binding of the particulate agent to the superficial of a phagocytic cell, pseudopod emission, and engulfment. Phagosome formation and destruction: Oxygen-dependent mechanisms: formation of toxic radicals Nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Oxygen-independent mechanisms: hydrolytic enzymes.

12. The immune gadget includes positive kinds of white blood cells as well as chemical compounds and proteins in the blood, which include antibodies, complement proteins, and interferon. Some without delay attack overseas materials inside the frame, even as others paintings collectively to help immune gadget cells [5]. Lymphocytes are a form of white blood cellular and there are kinds B and T. B lymphocytes turn into cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies bind to a particular antigen and facilitate antigen destruction via immune cells [6]. BLOOD COMPONENTS

13. When microbes overcome the chief line of protection, they find a second line that comprises defensive cells for example phagocytic cells, inflammation, fever and antimicrobial materials. It is mainly caused by an immune-type reaction, where macrophages, monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells act. Starts immediately after antigen is detected or after tissue is damaged. Phagocytic leukocytes, complement, acute inflammation, and fever counter a number of threats [6]. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE

14. Protection devices current beforehand contact to microorganisms or macromolecules. They do not increase by repeated contacts and do not distinguish between greatest distant materials. Macrophages NK cells Complement system

15. Vaccination (immunization) is one way of triggering the immune response. Minor amounts of an antigen, for example weakened or killed live virus, are assumed to trigger the "memory" of the immune system (triggered B cells and alerted T cells). Such memory lets the body to respond rapidly and professionally to future contacts [7]. IMMUNIZATION

16. An effective immune response protects against many illnesses and issues, even as an useless immune reaction permits illnesses to increase. An excessive, vulnerable or faulty immune reaction reasons disturbances inside the immune device. An overactive immune reaction can result in autoimmune illnesses, wherein antibodies are shaped against the frame's tissues [8]. COMPLICATIONS DUE TO AN ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE

17. Macrophages develop from a kind of white blood cellular referred to as a monocyte. Monocytes turn out to be macrophages when they move from the bloodstream into the tissues. When an contamination seems, the monocytes travel to the tissues. There, in a length of approximately eight hours, the monocytes drastically boom in length and bring granules inside them, and then they become macrophages. The granules are full of enzymes and different substances that assist spoil and digest micro organism and other overseas cells [9]. Monocytes And Macrophages

18. Macrophages continue to be within the tissues and engulf micro organism, overseas cells, damaged and dead cells (the manner by way of which a cellular engulfs a microorganism or other mobile or mobile fragments is referred to as phagocytosis, and the cells engulfed by means of cells are known as phagocytosis). Macrophages secrete materials that entice different white blood cells to the website of infection. Macrophages additionally help T lymphocytes to recognize invaders and as a consequence also take part in acquired immunity [9].

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