The Khalifate Movement by SajidaLodhi.pptx

TOPIC IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL TYPE STUDENTS WHO ARE STUDYING UNDER THE FLAG OF HISTORY

1. Khilafat Movement Contents Preface Establishment of Khilafat Committee Objectives Hindu Muslim Unity Khilafat delegation to England Movement activities Treaty of Sevres Turk Mawllat movement Migration Movement Establishment of Jamia Milllia

2. Introduction: from Wikipedia In World War I, Turkey sided with Germany against Great Britain. The involvement of Turkey in the war made the Indian Muslims worried that Turkey would not be treated well if the British were successful. In order to suppo from Wikipediart the British, the Muslims of India took a promise from the British Prime Minister Lloyd George that the holy places of the Muslims would not be desecrated during the war and that the Muslim caliphate would be protected after the war. happened After the end of the war, Britain and its allies entered Basra and Jeddah in breach of promise. The Muslims of India started a movement called the " Khilafah Movement" to remind the British of their promises and to protect the Khilafat.

3. Establishment of Khilafat Committees On July 5, 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee was established in Bombay to organize public opinion on the issue of Khilafat and to prepare an agreed plan of action

4. Objectives The major objectives of the Khilafat Movement were: The holy places (Mecca, Medina) remained under the custody of the Ottoman Caliphate. The Ottoman Caliphate should be maintained. The Ottoman Empire should not be divided The first meeting of the Khilafat Committee was held in Delhi in November 1919, in which it was decided that the Muslims would not participate in the victory celebrations of the British and if their demands were not accepted, they would not cooperate with the government. In this meeting Hindus were appealed for cooperation

5. Hindu Muslim Unity The All India Congress had already launched a nationwide campaign against the Rolot Act. In December 1919, meetings of All India Congress, Muslim League and Khilafat Committee were held in Amritsar where Gandhiji emphasized Hindu-Muslim unity.

6. Khilafat delegation to England In 1920, a delegation led by Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar went on a tour of England, Italy and France to remind the Prime Minister of Great Britain and the Allies of their promises. The delegation reached Britain and met Prime Minister Lloyd George, but was disappointed to hear his reply, "Horrible justice has been meted out to Australia and Germany, and why can Turkey get away with it?" After that, the delegation also visited Italy and France, but nothing was heard.

7. Movement activities{1} Delegations were sent under the Khilafat movement. The delegations informed the governments of the Muslim public opinion of the subcontinent in European countries and especially in Great Britain. Groups of doctors and nurses were sent to bandage the Ottoman Mujahideen. Medicines were also provided. Funds were provided to the Ottoman government. The Muslim people collected a lot of wealth in the form of currency, gold and silver and sent it to the Ottoman government for financial support. Large processions were taken out in small cities and towns of the subcontinent, rallies were organized, strikes were held and Muslim people made a large number of arrests. The leaders of the movement were imprisoned, but there was no difference in the climate of the movement. did not come.

8. Movement activities {2} The role of the mother of Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar and Maulana Shaukat Ali was also important in the Khilafat movement. In those days, this slogan became very popular: "Says the mother of Muhammad Ali - Give your life and son to your caliphate.“ Muslim journalism also played a strong role. Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Zamindar Maulana Azad, Al- Hilal and Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar created a storm in the minds of the Muslim people through the newspaper Comrade and Hamdard.

9. Treaty of Sevres The Khilafat delegation was still in England when the Treaty of Severe was imposed on Turkey. As a result, all foreign possessions were taken away from Turkey, Turkey was banned from having an air force and the Allies maintained supremacy over Dara Daniyal. The Treaty of Sevres was a peace treaty signed between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire on August 10, 1920, after World War I. This agreement was signed by the Ottoman Empire but it was rejected by the Turkish democratic movement and the agreement could not be implemented. This movement, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, declared the Turkish War of Independence after the treaty and abolished the monarchy in Constantinople (now Istanbul) and made Turkey a republic.

10. Turk Mawlat movement Against the failed return of the delegation of Khilafat and the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Severe, the Khilafat Committee decided to support the Turk- Mowalat movement in 1920. Gandhi was appointed as the leader of this movement. Its main aspects were Government addresses should be returned. The membership of the councils should be resigned. Should be separated from government jobs. Educational institutions should stop taking government aid. Cases should be presented in arbitration courts instead of government courts. English goods should be boycotted.

11. Migration Movement During the Khilafat Movement, in 1920, some scholars including Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar , Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and Attaullah Shah Bukhari declared the subcontinent as Dar Harb and issued a fatwa to migrate from here. As a result, thousands of Muslims left their homes and went to the neighboring country of Afghanistan. This migration failed due to the non-cooperation of the Afghan government and the Muslims had to face a lot of loss of life and money.

12. Establishment of Jamia Millia Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar appealed to the Aligarh administration not to take government aid. The college administration refused to do so. As a result, Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar founded Jamia Millia Islamia by joining many students with him. This institution was shifted to Delhi in 1925.

13. The Moplah Rebellion The Moplah Muslims of Coastal Malabar actively participated in the Khilafah movement, which resulted in their being subjected to torture. So they got fed up and revolted in 1925. The government brutally crushed the rebellion and killed thousands of Mopples . The Moplah Rebellion , also known as the Moplah Riots of 1921 was the culmination of a series of riots by Mappila Muslims of Kerala in the 19th and early 20th centuries against the British and the Hindu landlords in Malabar (Northern Kerala). It was an armed revolt. It was led by Variyamkunnath Kunjahammed Haji.

14. Sawdust theft incident On February 5, 1922, in support of the Khilafat movement, people got angry and set fire to a police station in a village of Chora Chori in Uttar Pradesh, in which 22 soldiers were burnt to death. Using this incident as a cover, Gandhi announced that since the movement was not focused on non-violence, it was terminated.

15. Reasons for failure An unsustainable alliance Conflict of objectives Acrobatics of Gandhiji Implementation of democracy in Turkey The conspiracy to establish a Jewish homeland Establishment of Saudi Arabia

16. An unsustainable alliance The unity of Hindus and Muslims was superficial, emotional and temporary. The two nations were temporarily united by hatred of the government, but the movements of Shudhi and Singhtan soon shattered this alliance and the Khilafat movement began to weaken.

17. Conflict of objectives The Muslim Khilafat movement was based on religious fervor rather than political gain. Hindus were looking for a political advantage from this which was difficult to obtain from the success of the Khilafat movement. However, when the Khilafat movement was about to succeed, Gandhi stabbed the Muslims in the back by announcing the end of the movement.

18. Acrobatics of Gandhiji Gandhi announced the end of the movement when all the Muslim leaders were in jail and there was no one to take over the leadership of the movement. Due to this, the movement also ended, and Muslims lost confidence in their leaders. Gandhiji became the Mahatma of the Hindus and Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar moved to Corner anonymity ( Gusha Gumnami ). And he will die in the same condition i.e. in anonymity. Karamchand Gandhi ; (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a political and spiritual leader of India and the most important figure in the freedom movement. They made Satyagraha and Ahimsa (non-violence) their weapons. Satyagraha is non-violent, publicly organized civil disobedience against oppression. This procedure led to India's independence. And proved to be the inspiration for human rights and freedom movement for the whole world.

19. Implementation of democracy in Turkey{1} In March 1924, Mustafa Kemal Pasha announced the establishment of the Republic of Azad Kara and his presidency and the caliphate in Turkey ended. World War I was over, but one of the allied countries, Greece, was looking to further destroy Turkey. Meanwhile, a Turkish general, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, united the scattered Turkish forces and defeated the Greeks. Mustafa Kemal Pasha removed the last caliph Abdul Majid II from power and took the government into his own hands. Suddenly, Turkey started to stand on its feet

20. Implementation of democracy in Turkey{2} There was rivalry between Russia and Britain for the occupation of Turkey, so this rivalry saved Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Pasha's government signed the Treaty of Lausanne with the Allies. The terms of this agreement were better for Turkey than the Severay Agreement. The caliphate ended and democracy was established in Turkey. The holy Hijaz was given under the authority of the Sharif of Makkah and the problem of Turkey would be solved. In light of the new situation, there was no need to continue the movement in the subcontinent,…………………………..

21. Implementation of democracy in Turkey{3} In light of the new situation, there was no need to continue the movement in the subcontinent, so the leaders and the people gradually became silent. In a sense the objectives of the movement were fulfilled, viz The Caliphate was abolished by the Turks themselves. When the Arabs gained control over the holy Hijaz, the issue of sanctity and respect for this area was also resolved. Turkey remained as a country, but the Turkish government decided to automatically end its sovereignty over many areas.

22. The conspiracy to establish a Jewish homeland During the First World War, the British government conspired to make Palestine a national homeland for the Jews through the Balfour Declaration. Therefore, she did not want to restore the former boundaries of the Ottoman Empire. While nowadays the concept of a Jewish homeland almost always means the State of Israel under some variation of its current borders, there have been many other proposals for a Jewish state over the course of Jewish history. While some of those have come into existence, others never came to be implemented

23. Establishment of Saudi Arabia{1} Sharif Makkah had conspired to separate the Holy Hijaz from the Ottoman Empire. On which Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud announced the establishment of a separate kingdom in the name of Saudi Arabia, which caused the Khilafah movement to collapse. Syed Hussain Ibn Ali Hashmi . He became the Sharif of Makkah in 1908 due to being from Ahl al-Bayt. In the First World War, when the British were having no success against the Turks, a British spy, along with Lawrence of Arabia, led a rebellion against the Ottoman Caliphate, which resulted in the defeat of the Turks.

24. Establishment of Saudi Arabia{2} Husayn Ibn Ali sided with the British and Thomas Lawrence and started a war against the Ottoman Empire in 1915, ending Ottoman rule in all Arab countries and then establishing both British and French control over the Middle East. Hussain bin Ali waged a two-year siege against the Ottoman governor of Medina, Umar Fakhruddin Pasha, to capture Medina. His two sons became the kings of Iraq and Jordan. The British made one of his sons, Amir Faisal, the king of Iraq and the other son of Jordan, which continues the Jordanian royal family. In 1924, he abdicated (renounce and resign)after being defeated by Ibn Saud, the ruler of Najd. After living in exile in Cyprus from 1924 to 1931, he died in Amman, the capital of Jordan.

25. Results of the Khilafat movement An example of a public movement like the Khilafat Movement is not found in the history of the subcontinent. There is no doubt that this movement failed to achieve its goals, but it left a deep impression on Indian politics and Muslim history. Disappointment of Muslims End of Hindu Muslim unity Awakening of political consciousness Emergence of enthusiastic leadership Entry of scholars and students into politics Gandhiji's leadership Attention to internal problems Cooperation in All India Congress and Jamiat Ulema-i-Hind Revelation of the Hindu Mindset British rule shaky

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