The layers of the Atmosphere

1. The Layers of the Atmosphere The Earth’s Atmosphere

2. Troposphere

3. TROPOSPHERE This is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface, extending up to about 10-15 km above the Earth's surface. It contains 75% of the atmosphere's mass. The troposphere is wider at the equator than at the poles. Temperature and pressure drops as you go higher up the troposphere. The Tropopause: At the very top of the troposphere is the tropopause where the temperature reaches a (stable) minimum. Some scientists call the tropopause a "cold trap" because this is a point where rising water vapor cannot go higher because it changes into ice and is trapped. If there is no cold trap, Earth would loose all its water! The uneven heating of the regions of the troposphere by the Sun causes convection currents and winds. Warm air from Earth's surface rises and cold air above it rushes in to replace it

4. Stratosphere

5. STRATOSPHERE This layer lies directly above the troposphere and is about 35 km deep. It extends from about 15 to 50 km above the Earth's surface. The lower portion of the stratosphere has a nearly constant temperature with height but in the upper portion the temperature increases with altitude because of absorption of sunlight by ozone. This temperature increase with altitude is the opposite of the situation in the troposphere. The Ozone Layer The stratosphere contains a thin layer of ozone which absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The ozone layer is being depleted, and is getting thinner over Europe, Asia, North American and Antarctica --- "holes" are appearing in the ozone layer.

6. Sunlight crossing the Ozone Layer

7. Mesosphere

8. The Mesosphere The mesosphere is the third layer in the atmosphere. It is extending from 50 to 80 km above the earth’s surface. The temperature drops when you go higher, like it does in the troposphere. It can get down to -90°C in the mesosphere. That's the coldest part of the atmosphere!

9. The mesosphere starts is on top of the stratosphere. Sometimes you can see the mesosphere by looking at the edge of a planet (like the picture to the left).  

10. Thermosphere

11. THERMOSPHERE The thermosphere extends from 80 km above the Earth's surface to outer space. The temperature is hot and may be as high as thousands of degrees as the few molecules that are present in the thermosphere receive extraordinary large amounts of energy from the Sun. However, the thermosphere would actually feel very cold to us because of the probability that these few molecules will hit our skin and transfer enough energy to cause appreciable heat is extremely low.

12. The thermosphere extends from 80 km above the Earth's surface. The thermosphere is the fourth layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It is found above the mesosphere. The air is really thin that high up. The temperature changes with the solar activity. If the sun is active, temperatures in the thermosphere can get up to 1,500°C or higher! The Earth's thermosphere also includes the region called the ionosphere . 

13. Exosphere

14. The Exosphere Very high up, the Earth's atmosphere becomes very thin. The region where atoms and molecules escape into space is referred to as the exosphere. The exosphere is on top of the thermosphere.

15. The  exosphere  is the uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere. In the exosphere, an upward travelling molecule moving fast enough to attain escape velocity can escape to space with a low chance of collisions; if it is moving below escape velocity it will be prevented from escaping from the celestial body by gravity. In either case, such a molecule is unlikely to collide with another molecule due to the exosphere's low density.

16. Ozone Depletion

17. Ozone depletion Is the thinning of the ozone layer. It is caused by the burning of the plastics, smoke coming from factories and vehicles, air conditioners and refrigerators' that is filled with CFCs. it affects the people health.

18. As you can see in the picture...the ozone hole is getting bigger every several years….

19. Global Warming

20. It is the heating of the earth and caused by; The Greenhouse Effect Heat from the Sun warms the Earth's surface but most of it is radiated and sent back into space. Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the troposphere trap some of this heat, preventing it from escaping thus keep the Earth warm. This trapping of heat is called the "greenhouse effect".

21. However, if there is too much carbon dioxide in the troposphere then it will trap too much heat. Scientists are afraid that the increasing amounts of carbon dioxide would raise the Earth's surface temperature, bringing significant changes to worldwide weather patterns ... shifting in climatic zones and the melting of the polar ice caps, which could raise the level of the world's oceans .

22. Melting of the ice caps

23. Flooding of some areas

24. Eco-friendly Technology

25. Solar P anel Houses

26. Eco-friendly Cars

27. Save our Mother EARTH

28. Thank You for Watching

29. Made by: GROUP 1