The mechanisms of photosynthesis [Autosaved].pptx

for learning purpose

1. The mechanisms of photosynthesis

2. Photosynthesis Happen in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cell and guard cell of the leaf. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons , while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons . This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose.

3. Chloroplast contain of two part stroma and Grana .

4. A chloroplast is made up of a double membrane surrounding a liquid matrix called Stroma which is very rich is enzymes. Embedded in stroma are stacks of membranes known as Grana which contain light-trapping pigments ,chlorophyll. “Language support” Singular -- Granum Plural -- Grana

5. Stroma is a colorless liquid matrix within the chloroplast. Within this stroma are stacks of flat disc called grana . Each granum contain chlorophyll that absorbs the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis. Thylakoids are membranous disk-like structures that are stacked together in larger structures that resemble stacks of coins. The thylakoids membranes also contain the electron transport system. Chlorophyll and Carotenoid pigments are located in the membranes of the thylakoids.

6. The reaction of photosynthesis takes place in two main stages. The capture energy ( light reaction ) The uses of energy to make carbohydrates ( dark reaction )

7. ATP and NADPH are energy storage and electron carrier/donor molecule . Both ATP and NADPH are used in the next stage of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll molecule regains the lost electron from a water molecule through a process called photolysis, which releases dioxygen (O2) molecule.

8. 0ver view of photosynthesis In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are combine, using energy from sunlight, to form glucose. Oxygen is given off as by-product. Photosynthesis has two sets of reaction: Light reaction slit water: Hydrogens are used to produce a reduced coenzyme, NADPH, and ATP. Oxygen is given off.

9. b) Once the NADPH and ATP are formed, the rest of the reaction can take place in the dark reaction : Carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose This involves a set of cyclic reactions. 0ver view of photosynthesis

10. Glucose produced during photosynthesis will be converted immediately to starch to be stored temporarily in the cells of the leaf or transformed into sucrose to be transported to other parts . Some glucose also used the synthesis of cellulose for the cell wall. Some of the simple sugar produced can also be converted to amino acids and fatty acids to be used in protein synthesis and fat synthesis respectively.

11. Overall reaction in photosynthesis.