The mughal empire

Class 7
NCERT
CBSE

1. Modified by
Akbar Ali
@ Habitat

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Who are Mughals?
Emperors
Military
Traditions
Relations
Religion
Akbar’s policies
Mughal style of architecture
Influence of Mughal Empire
On the subcontinent
Fall of mughal empire
Conclusion

3. IntroductionIntroduction
Mughals created an empire and accomplished what had
up till now seemed possible for only short periods.
They expanded their kingdom from
Agra to Delhi.

4. Who Are Mughals?Who Are Mughals?
The Mughals were descendants of two great
lineages of rulers.
From their mother’s side they were descendants
of Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol tribes,
China & Central Asia.
From their father’s side they were the
successors of Timur, the ruler of Iran, Iraq &
Modern-day Turkey.

5. Great Mughals

6. The first Mughal Emperor was Babur.
He rules fargana when the Lodi were ruling India.
The Local rulers invited to India.
He also interested to expand his kingdom

7. •He was also talented poet and writer.
•Tuzuk – i- Baburi or Baburnama

8. •In 1526 - I Battle of Panipat
»Ibrahim Lodi
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9. Son of Babur
1530-1540 & 1555- 1556
1.No proper system of administration
2.Brothers were unsatisfied with their territories
3.Kingdom was under threat
1.Rajputs
2.Afgans (Sher Shah )

10. Humayun & Sher Shah
•First Time in 1532 - Sher shah
•In Chausa & Kanauj (1539) Sher Sha
•Exiled to Persia
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11. The Sur Empire ( 1540-55)
•Sher Sha
•Real Name 0- Farid Khan
•Sher –
•Administration
–1. Reformed Land revenue
–2.Intruduced ‘ Rupia ‘ Silver coin
–3. Reduced custom duties – Road ( Grand Trunk Road)

12. Muslim, Indian and Western Historians all
see Akbar as the greatest ruler
throughout Indian history. He became
emperor at the age of thirteen in
1556.
He conquered more lands than any of his
ancestors before him had. He was very
wise in his rulings and tried to govern
all his people equally and fairly.
Bairam Khan

13. •Akbar nama
•Second battle of Panipat
•Hemu (Afgan Ruler & Akbar )
•Friendship with Rajputs

14. Policies
•Rajput Policy
–Treated them honorably
–Married Rajput families , (Jodha Bai )
–Religios freedom
–Gave post to them
•Raja Birbal
•Raja Man Singh

15. •Religious Policy
–Treated all are equal
–Abolished pilgrim Tax
–Encouraged to build temples
–Participated Hindu festivals, holi, Diwali etc

16. Learning about Religion
•Ibadat Khana
–Hall of worship @ Fatepur Sikri
•Held debates and discussions with religious
teachers
–Din I ilahi
•One God
•Simple path
•Worship the Sun, Fire
–Sul hi Kul ( Universal peace )

17. •Meaning – Conqueror of the world
•Military campaigns
•Defeated Rana Amar Sing of Mewar
•Conquered Kangra
•Ahammadnagar

18. •English Traders
–1612
–English East India Company set up trading
post at Surat
–Sir Thomas Roe visited Mughal court – 1615
–Owe

19. •Nur Jahan
–Was wife of Jahangir
–So powerful
–Issued coins

20. •Shah Jahan ruled from 1628 ­1657
•Khurram
•
He built a new capital and many other buildings.
The TajMahal in Agra.
When his favorite wife died while giving
birth to her fourteenth child, took over twenty
years to build

21. Military campaigns
•Bundelkhand
•Deccan
•Bijapur & Golconda annexed

22. European Traders
•He defeated porguese , they were not
paying customs duties.
•Architecture
–Taj Mahal
–Shajahanbad

23. Shah Jahan
•Real Name : Khurram
•Later : Shah Jahan – Ruler of the World
•Defeated his brothers
•Wife : Mumthas
•Sons : Dara Shikoh, Shah Shuja,
Aurangazeb and Murad Baksh.

24. Military Campaigns
•Many revolts
–Bundelkhand
–Deccan
–Bijapur & Golconda – Through treaty
–Samarkhand

25. AURANGZEB
The last great Mughal ruler was
Aurangzeb Alamgir.
Period divided into 2 phases
1658-1680 ( North India )
1681 – 1707 ( Deccan )

26. •Orthodox Muslim
•Simple life
•Never wore costly Robes, gold, silver
vessels
•Sewed caps and copied the Quran
•Called – Zinda pir

27. Revolts
•Jats ( Agra – Mathura Region )
•Satnamis
•Bundelas
•Rajputs
•Sikhs
•Marathas

28. Deccan Policy
•Last 26 years concentrated in Deccan
•Tried to crush the power of Marathas
•Annexed - Bijapur , Golconda
•Difficult to administrate
•It was failure

29. Mughal Court
•Ceremonial ( Formal )
–Kurnish and taslim
•Taslim - concluding portion of the Muslim prayer
(salat)
•Kurnish
–Reports from nobles
–Meeting Place - Diwan – I Khas
–Public meeting – Diwan –i- Aam

30. Administration
•Mix of Indian and Persian traditions
•Central administration
–Prime minister – Wazir
–Revenue – Diwan
–Military – mir Bakshi
–Royal household - Khan I saman
–Chief Judge - Judge etc….

31. Provincial administration
•Called Subs – head – subadar
•Suba divided in to Sarkars & parganas
•Leaders - Kotwal

32. Revenue
•Land & Trade were 2 main source of
income
•1-Todar Mal’s bandobast –
–Land was properly measured
–Land divided in to 3 categories
•Good,Average, Bad

33. The last great Mughal ruler was
Aurangzeb Alamgir. During the fifty-
year reign, the empire reached its
greatest physical size but also showed
unmistakable signs of decline. Aurangzeb
restored Mughal military dominance &
expanded power southwards.

34. Military
Babur, the first Mughal emperor , succeeded to the
throne of ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12
years old.
He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to
invasion of Mongol group, the uzbegs. In 1526 he
defeated the sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim lodi, at panipat
& captured Delhi & Agra

35. Religion
Mughals followed a different kind of religion.
It was named sulh-i-kul .As in the wide expanse of the divine
compassion there is room for all classes and the followers of all
creeds, so…. in his Imperial dominions, which on all sides were
limited only by the sea, there was room for the professors of
opposite religions, & for beliefs, good & bad, and the road to
intolerance was closed . Sunnis and shias met in one mosque and
Christians and Jews in one church to pray. He consistently
followed the principle of “universal peace” {sulh-i-kul} it was also
followed by jahangir & shan jahan.