Chapter 1
Skyrmions and Nuclei
R.A. Battye
∗
,N.S.Manton
†
and P.M. Sutcliffe
‡
∗
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester,
Manchester M13 9PL, UK
†
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics,
University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 OWA, UK
‡
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University,
Durham DH1 3LE, UK
We review recent work on the modelling of atomic nuclei as quantized Skyrmions,
using Skyrme’s original model with pion fields only. Skyrmions are topologi-
cal soliton solutions whose conserved topological chargeBis identified with the
baryon number of a nucleus. Apart from an energy and length scale, the Skyrme
model has just one dimensionless parametermproportional to the pion mass. It
has been found that a good fit to experimental nuclear data requiresmto be of
order 1. The Skyrmions forBup to 7 have been known for some time, and are
qualitatively insensitive to whethermis zero or of order 1. However, for baryon
numbersB= 8 and above, the Skyrmions have quite a compact structure for
mof order 1, rather than the hollow polyhedral structure found whenm=0.
One finds that for baryon numbers which are multiples of four, the Skyrmions
are composed ofB= 4 sub-units, as in theα-particle model of nuclei.
The rational map ansatz gives a useful approximation to the Skyrmion so-
lutions for all baryon numbers whenm=0.Formof order 1, it gives a good
approximation for baryon numbers up to 7, and generalisations of this ansatz are
helpful for higher baryon numbers.
We briefly review the work from the 1980s and 90s on the semiclassical rigid-
body quantization of Skyrmions forB=1,2,3and4. Wethendiscussmore
recent work extending this method toB= 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12. We determine the
quantum states of the Skyrmions, finding their spins, isospins and parities, and
compare with the experimental data on the ground and excited states of nuclei
up to mass number 12.
∗
[email protected]
†
[email protected]
‡
P.M.Sutcliff
[email protected]
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