The nature, dimension and types of consequences

Power is about the control and influence

1. Philippine Politics and Governance POWER NATURE, DIMENSION, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES

2. WHAT IS POWER? Power in its broadest sense, as stated by Heywood (2007) is the ability to achieve a desired outcome and is sometimes seen as the power to do something.

3. WHAT IS POWER? In politics, power is all about control and influence which are used to achieve a certain agenda. Both terms imply manipulation but it can be manifested in different ways.

4. WHAT IS POWER? Control imposes force on someone to do something he/she does not want to do. Influence uses persuasion; it aids in changing the mindset or attitude of someone that renders hi/her to be obedient or do something without hesitation.

5. DIMENSION OF POWER Power as Decision-Making Power as Thought Control Power as Agenda Setting

6. POWER AS DECISION MAKING This dimension of power consists of conscious actions that in some way influence the content of decisions. The implication of this view of power is that the most powerful actors in society are the ones whose opinion are considered and upheld in the decision making.

7. POWER AS AGENDA SETTING (Heywood 2007) it is the ability to prevent decision being made ; that us, in effect, non decision making. This according to him involves the ability to set or control the political agenda , thereby preventing issues or proposals from being aired in the first place.

8. POWER AS THOUGHT CONTROL (Heywood 2007) is the ability to influence another by shaping what he or she thinks , wants or needs. This is power to expressed as ideological indoctrination or psychological control. h

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10. TYPES OF POWER Expert power- It is based on the perception that the leader posseses some special knowledge, skills, or talents and expertise. Referent power- It is based on the follower’s liking, admiring, or identifying with the leader. Reward power- It is based on the leaders capacity to mediate rewards for the followers.

11. TYPES OF POWER Legitimate power- It is based on the perception that the followers perception that the leader has the legitimate right or authority to exercise control or influence him or her. Coercive power- It is based on the follower’s fear that non-compliance with leader’s wishes or commands will lead to punishment.

12. SOURCE OF POWER Authority- It is the right to enforce obedience without question and it exists without the imposition of sanctions. Authority has usually legal bases. Human resources- It refers to the number of persons who willingly render obedience and cooperation to someone.

13. SOURCE OF POWER Skills, knowledge- Someone assumes power because he/she is believed to have expertise on something or has special abilities. Psychological factors- It refers to habits and attitudes toward obedience and submission, usually given voluntarily.

14. SOURCE OF POWER Material Resources- The degree to which a person controls property, natural resources, financial resources, the economic system, the means of communication, and transportation. Sanctions- The punishment for not rendering obedience

15. AUTHORITY Power is a prime ingredient of politics ( Roskin et. al 2012). In political realm, power is exercised in the state where authority is granted in the government. Authority . is power recognized as legitimate(legal) which is why the government can enforce obedience without questions.

16. TYPES OF AUHTORITY Traditional auhtority - authority is based on acceptance of high regard of traditions and customs. This is why religious figures or leaders are respected and obeyed. Monarchies are examples of this type.

17. TYPES OF AUHTORITY Rational-legal authority- authority is based on established law. People obey the leader because they accept his/her power under the law.

18. TYPES OF AUHTORITY Charismatic authority- authority is based on personal characteristics of a leader, whose qualities are considered to be exceptional.

19. TYPES OF AUHTORITY Coercive authority- authority is based on use of force such as police or military force to demand obedience from the subordinate.