The Nervous and Human Brain powerpoint presentation

This presentation would help you discuss with your learners the nervous and human brain.

1. The Nervous System and the
Brain

2. The Nervous System
•The human nervous system is involved in
thinking, dreaming, feeling, moving, and much
more. It is working when we are active or still,
awake or asleep. The nervous system regulates
our internal functions. It is also involved in how
we react to the external world. Even learning
and memory are made possible by the nervous
system. When we learn a new behavior or
acquire new information, the nervous system
registers that experience and changes to
accommodate its storage.

3. •Central Nervous
System
–Brain and spinal cord
–Spinal reflexes
•Peripheral Nervous
System
–Responsible for
transmitting messages
between the CNS and all
other parts of the body
–Somatic nervous system
–Autonomic nervous system
•Sympathetic
•Parasympathetic

4. Human Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Everything else
Sensory and motor neurons
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary
Input from sense organs
Output to skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary
Input from internal receptors
Output to smooth muscle and glands
Sympathetic Motor System
Fight or flight response
Neurotransmitter noradrenalin
Adrenergic System
Parasympathetic Motor System
Relaxing responses
Neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Cholinergic system

5. Neurons
•Components
–Cell body
–Dendrites
–Axon
•The Communication Process
–Messages are sent from one neuron to another
across the synapse (gap between axon terminals of
one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron)
–Messages are sent via neurotransmitters

8. Quick Quiz 1
1.How do messges travel from one neuron
to another?
2.Identify the systems that make up the
peripheral nervous system.
3.CRITICAL THINKING:In what way do
the parasympathetic and sympathetic
nervous systems work together?

9. The Brain: Our Control Center
•Every person is unique in part because of the
capacities of learning and thought made
possible by the human brain. In ancient times
they did not believe that brain was as complex
as we now know it is. Today, however, we
recognize that the mind, or consciousness,
dwells within the brain. We now have greater
understanding of the brain and the links between
biological processes and psychological
phenomena.

10. Parts of the Brain
•Hindbrain
–Medulla
–Pons
–Cerebellum
•Midbrain
–Vision and hearing
–Reticular activating system
•Forebrain
–Thalamus
–Hypothalamus
–Limbic system
–Cerebrum
•Cerebral cortex

13. The Cerebral Cortex: What Makes
Us Unique
•Senses and Motor Behavior
•Association Areas
•Language Abilities

14. Left Brain versus Right Brain
•Hemispheres do not act
entirely independent
although they are capable
of working alone
•Left Brain
–Logical
–Controls the right side of
the body
•Right Brain
–Creative
–Controls the left side of the
body

15. Methods of Studying the Brain
•Accidents
•Electrical Stimulation
of the Brain
•The
Electroencephalogram
•Scans

16. Quick Quiz 2
1.Why is the Cerebral cortex important
2.Describe two differences between the left
hemisphere and the right hemisphere of the
cerebral cortex
3.List three different imaging techniques used to
study the brain.
4.CRITICAL THINKING: Why do you think it
benefits people to have brains that are
flexible? What would happen if brains were not
flexible?

17. The Endocrine System
•The Pituitary Gland
•The Thyroid Gland
•The Adrenal Glands
•The Testes and the
ovaries
–Testosterone
–Estrogen and
Progesterone

18. Quick Quiz 3
1.List and describe the role of the
hormones produced by the pituitary
gland, the thyroid gland, the adrenal
glands, and the testes and the ovaries.
2.CRITICAL THINKING:What might
psychologists learn about behavior by
studying the sex hormones?

19. Heredity: Our Genetic Background
•Genes and
Chromosomes
–Shape everything from
physical
characteristics to
behavior
–46 chromosomes
organized into 23 pairs
•The Nature Nurture
Debate
–Genes or environment

20. Kinship Studies
•Twin studies
•Adoptee studies
•Twins reared apart
studies

21. Quick Quiz 4
1.Define gene and chromosome.
2.Describe two methods used to study the
role of heredity in determining traits.
3.CRITICAL THINKING:Some traits such
as extreme shyness have been shown to
be partially determined by heredity. What
aspects of the environment might also
affect whether a person is shy?