The only way I could do that was if you wanted

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2. CT scan

3. ندبناسنالماشتفاباهوناگرافلتخمزاهلمج،بآ،ناوختسانوخویبرچتساهبوروظنماجنام
ریوصتیرادربزاینتسانیاتمسقاهزاکیرگیدزیامتم،دنوشاتشیپزاهعشاسکیاچیهیشلاترد
یاتسارداجیایریوصتزاندبتروصهتفرگندوب.زالاس1930ردنیااتسارمادقادش.

4. هاگتسدیسیتنکسا(CTscan)کیرازباریوصتیرادربیبطتساهکیارب
صخشتولیلحتیرامیباهوتلاکشمیبطردلخادندبناسنانودبداجیاحیرجهیی
هدافتسایمدوش.

5. نیاهاگتسدزایروحمناخرچهدافتسایمدنکاتطاقنفلتخمندباربتروص
یعطاقتهبریوصتدشکبوریواصتقیقدهسیدعبزاراتخاسیاهادیلخندب
مهارفدنک.

6. الله تردق رینجنا
راک نایرج رد یرهاط

7. Hounsfield with the 1
st
constructed CT machine

8. History
•The first commercially CT scanner was invented by sir godfrey
Hounsfield in Hayes, United kingdom, at EMI central research
laboratories using X-ray
•The first EMI-scanner was installed in Atkinson Morley hospital in
Wimbledon, England.
•The first patient brain scan was done on 1 October 1971.
•EMI scanner is limited to scanning only brain

9. EMI scanner

10. •Hounsfield and Cormack got the 1979 Nobel prize for their
contributions to CT.
•Allan McLeod Cormack's theoretical calculation on X-ray was
used by Hounsfield.

11. Initial Sketch of CT machine by Hounsfield

12. 1
st
model of CT machine by Hounsfield

13. یسیتنکساهاتوکهدشترابع(ComputedTomography)تساوهبینعم«نکسادیدشت
یرتویپماک»یمدشاب.ردنیا،شورزاهعشاسکیاهدافتسایمدوشوریواصتیعطقمقیقدازلخاد
ندبناسناداجیایمدنکنیاشور الومعمیاربصخشت/هیزجتولیلحتتلاکشمیمسجردبشخیاه
فلتخم،ندبدننام،رسهسفق،هنیسمکشورگیدتمسقیاهندبراکبیمدور.

16. هدافتسازاهاگتسدیسیتنکسادنمزاینیاجباجضیرمهبلخادیسیترنکساتسا.نیا
هاگتسدهبکیزیمکیرتحمهکضیرمیورنآرارقیمدریگدیراویمدوش.نیاردلاحی
تساهکردهاگتسدیرسکاضیرمهبهچنآهاگتسدبصنهدشهتسویپیمدوشوزاینبهیاجباج
ضیرمتسین.
هنیزههاگتسدیسیتنکسارتشیبزاهنیزههاگتسدیسیتنکساتسااماهنیزهکایرسرتمک
تسا.
یرسکا و نکسا یت یتس هاگتسد هدمع یاه توافت

17. ک یم روبع ندب قیرط زا هک دنک یم هدافتسا سکیا هعشا زا نکسا یت یس اب و دن
ب زا یلخاد ریواصت ،فلتخم یاهتفاب طسوت هعشا بذج نازیم یریگ هزادنا ند
دنک یم داجیا
لاتخا ،ناوختسا یگتسکش دننام تلاکشم صخشت هب رداق نکسا یت یس تل
تسا ندب یلخاد تلاکشم ریاس و ،اهروموت لکشت ،اه تنوفع ،یِزغم.
هاگتسد هدمع یاه توافت سیرسکا و نکسا یت

18. یایازمیسیتنکسالماشتعرس،لابتقد،لابتیلباقریوصتیرادربطاقتم،عییاناوت
صخشتتلاکشمددعتملخادندبوتیلباقصخشتدوزماگنهردیرامیباهیمابدش.

19. “میوش هدامآ ندش نکسا یت یس یارب هنوگچ؟”
ییوراد میژر : یفرصم یاهوراد تسیل دیاب نکسا یت یس ماجنا زا لبق(فرصم تروص رد )خ ار دو
دهد رییغت ار ییوراد میژر نیا زاین تروص رد ات ،دیهد رارق کشزپ رایتخا رد.
ییاذغ میژر : امتح۴دییامن یراددوخ ندیماشآ و ندروخ زا یت یس ماجنا زا لبق تعاس . فرصم
دنک یم کمک تسارتنک گنر تفایرد ماگنه رد عوهت زا یریگشیپ هب فافش تاعیام.
ششوپ :دیشوپب تحار لاماک سابل هعجار ماگنه امتح .ک یم هدافتسا لاط و راوسسکا زا رگا زا لبق دین
دیروایبرد ار اهنآ یرادربریوصت .ن ار دوخ کعمس و یعونصم نادند ات تسا زاین یهاگ یتح زی
دیروایبرد .دراد دوجو تاعلاطا و ریواصت رد للاتخا ناکما اریز.
نوخ شیامزآ :دیهد ماجنا نوخ شیامزآ دیاب یرادربریوصت ماجنا زا لبق یهاگ.
ییوراد تیساسح :ص و بش هک تسا زاین تسارتنک هدام هب تبسن یژرلآ نتشاد تروص رد لبق حب
دییامن هدافتسا لیردنب ای نیماتسیه یتنآ کی هارمه هب دیئورتسا یوراد کی شیامزآ زا.

20. “ایآنکسا یت یسیرطخیاربندبدراد؟”
نکسا یت یساتدحیدایزنمیاتسا.اماابهجوتهبهکنیاردنیاشورزاهعشاکیاس
هدافتسادوش یموزاییوسهعشاسکیاابرطخشیازفالاتباهبناطرسهارمهسا،تاذل
کشزپصصختمدیابصیخشتدهدبهکیایازمماجنانیایرادربریوصتیسبرارتشیبزا
بیاعمنآیاربرهدرفرامیبتسا.نیربانبنازیمتارطخشباتنیاهعشارداقمهسیاب
موزلورارطضاماجنانآهدیجنسدوش

21. Parts of a CT scan machine
•Gantry (Scanner system)
•Patient’s table
•Computer (Operational control)

22. Scanner system
•X-ray tube
•Detector system
•Collimators
•Filters

23. Parts of gantry
•X-ray tube : generates X-ray beams
•Detector: detect the X-rays passing through the patient’s body.
•Collimator : narrows the beams of x-rays
•Filters : these are used to filter some rays from entering the
patient’s body that may b harmful.

24. Types
•2 types
•Conventional : Scan is taken slice by slice and after slice the scan
stops.
•EX: From top of abdomen till the pelvis. This needs the patient to
hold their breath.
•Spiral Scan: Continuous scan taken in spiral fashion .it is quick.

26. Principle

30. سکاب یتس

32. •When X-rays pass through the human body , some of the
rays are absorbed and some pass through the body to
produce an image, The film directly absorbs penetrated
X-rays. In CAT scanning, an electronic devise called a
‘detector array’ absorbs the penetrated X-rays, measures
the X-ray amount, and transmits the data to a computer.
A sophisticated computer system, in turn, calculates and
analyzes data from each detector in each level, and
finally reconstructs multiple, two dimensional, cross-
sectional images.

33. •Displayed on screen
•Hounsfield Scale (linear transformation reference
being distilled water)
•Range from +1000(Bone) to –1000(air/gas )
•Ct number or Hounsfield scale is a measure of radio
density.
•CT number measured in Hounsfield unite.

34. Tissue CT number (HU)
Bone +1000
Liver 40-60
White mater -20 to -30
Gray mater -37 to -45
Blood 40
Muscle 10-40
Kidney 30
CSF 15
Water 0
Fat -50 to-100
Air -1000

35. CT scan of brain
•An imaging technique of the brain that reveal Tumors, Blood clots,
Hemorrhages, or other abnormal anatomy. A series of
computerized images of the brine at various levels are taken to
levels are taken to reveal normal anatomy or any abnormality.

37. Uses for brain
•Determine acute stroke
•Evaluate Headache
•Determine if there is abnormal development of the head and neck
•Tumors, Clots

38. Parameters
•Scan range starting at base of the skull; ending at vertex of the skull
•Respiration: Shallow breathing
•Positioning
•Supine
•Head immobilized
•Arms along the sides

39. Braine

40. CT scan of neck
Parameters
•Patient preparation
•Fasting for 4 hours before the examination
•Starting at floor of the mouth ending at
supraclavicular fossa

42. Uses
•Spain, Airway, Carotid vessels, salivary and thyroid glands are
included.
•Head and neck diseases
•Foreign bodies that are logged in the neck or upper airway
•Tumors or infection of pharynx vocal cord

43. CT scan of chest
Uses
•Show the size, shape, and position of lungs and other
structures in the chest.
•Follow up on abnormal finding from standard chest X-ray
•Find the cause of lung symptoms, such as shortness of
breath or chest pain.
•Diagnose lung diseases such as a tumor, excess fluid
around the lungs.
•The test also used to check for tuberculosis, emphysema
and pneumonia.

44. Pic

45. Ct scan Of abdomen

46. Uses
•To test abdominal pain of swelling
•Masses and tumors including cancer
•Injury or infection
•Kidney Stones
•Appendicitis
•Alcoholic liver diseases
•Cancer of pancreas, Colon, Renal pelvis .

48. CT of scan Bone
•Purpose of the bone CT scan
•To identify abnormalities in the Spain, such as spinal stenosis that
may be causing back pain
•To detect bone tumors and tumors in the soft tissue surrounding
bones
•To evaluate Fracture
•To detect unusual formation of bone
•To diagnose joints abnormalities

50. Advantages
•Quick and Painless
•Can help diagnose and guide treatment for a wider range of
conditions than plain X-rays
•Can detect the presence of more than of more serious problems
•Check if a previously treated disease has recurred

51. Disadvantages
•Small risk Of developing cancer in future from exposure to X-ray.
Risk is grater for children
•Uses higher doses of radiation are used in chest, abdomen, so the
risks are in general greater than other imaging types
•Injection of a contrast medium can cause kidney problems or result
in allergic or injection –site reaction in some people
•Some procedures require anesthesia

52. دوشیم هدافتسا ناتسناغفا رد اهنآ تادیلوت هک یاه ینپمک.
•GE
•Philips
•Toshiba
•Hitachi

53. نیرت عیاش هاگتسد تلاکشم مادک رد نکسا یت یس اه شخبتسا؟
یبارخبویتهعشاسکیا
یبارخمتسیسدرسهدننکبویتیرسکا
یبارخلبیکیاهنایرجیلابیقربهکهببویتلصویمدنوش.
یبارخروتومیاهتختضیرم
یبارخهیلیاهروتکتید
یبارخرترونا
یبارخدحاوهدننک شزادرپییاهنریوصت
یبارخلبیکیاهیطابتراهاگتسدابتاعطقیبناجلصتمهبنآ
نیادراومناشندهد یمرهتقوابمدعدرکراکحیحصکینکسا یت یسوربور،دیدشنیلوایدراومهکلرتنکدینک یمدیابدراوملابشابد.
وردهنیمزسیورسدرادناتسانیاهاگتسددیابابینپمکیاههکنیاهاگتسداردیلوتدننکیمگننیرتیاهارهتشاددیشاباتهبوگهنیمسرکیرینجنا
یافیترسهدشنیاینپمکاههتخانشهدشوردتروصدروخربابتلاکشمیدجدیناوتبهبدوزنیرتتصرفکمکهمزلردهنیمزورسسیوهزرپ
تاجدرومترورضارتفایرددییامن.

55. نات هجوت زا نونمم
Gramercy for your Attention