the palate - hard palate and soft palate

palate - hard palate and soft palate

1. P A L A T E 09-05-2024 10:22 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 1

2. Situation – between roof of mouth & floor of nasal cavity Arches – before backwards, side to side Parts – hard palate & soft palate 09-05-2024 10:22 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 2

3. Hard palate Formation Palatine process of maxilla Horizontal plate of palatine Coverings Upper surface – ciliated columnar epithelium Lower surface – keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, mucus secreting palatine glands, palatal rugosity 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 3

4. 09-05-2024 10:30 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 4

5. 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 5

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7. Soft palate Fibro-Musculo-glandular curtain, Mucous covered Hangs from posterior margin of hard palate Extends backwards & downwards between nasal & oral parts of pharynx Parts Anterior – fibrous Middle – muscular Posterior – glandular Functions Helps in deglutition, speech, blowing air through mouth 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 7

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9. Presenting parts(relaxed) Two surfaces Anterior surface Posterior surface Four borders Upper border Lower borders (uvula hangs) Lateral borders 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 9

10. Arches from the base of uvula (mucous folds) Palato glossal arch Palato pharyngeal arch 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 10

11. Composition of soft palate (bilaminar fold of mucous membrane contains) Palatine aponeurosis Palatine muscles (five pairs) Nerves & vessels Palatine glands Upper end of palatine tonsil(sometimes) 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 11

12. Mucous membrane Posterior surface – ciliated columnar Anterior surface – non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Pasavant’s ridge 09-05-2024 10:25 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 12

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14. Palatine aponeurosis Fibrous framework of soft palate All palatine muscles are attached here It is the expanded tendon of insertion of tensor veli palatini On each sides – winds round the lateral pterygoid hammulus with tensor veli papatini In the midline - splits to enclose the musculus uvulae 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 14

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17. Palatine muscles (paired) Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini (dilator tubae ) Musculus uvulae Palato pharyngeus Palato glossus 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 17

18. 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 18

19. 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 19

20. 09-05-2024 11:23 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 20

21. Nerves Motor Cranial part of accessory nerve through pharyngeal plexus Except Tensor veli palatini (by trunk of mandibular nerve through otic ganglion, without relay) Secretomotor Preganglionic fibres – arise from superior salivatory nucleus and pass through the facial, greater petrosal, nerve to pterygoid canal; then relay into the pterygo -palatine ganglion Postganglionic fibres reach palatine gland via greater & lesser palatine nerves Sensory (general) Greater & lesser palatine Long sphenopalatine Glossopharyngeal nerves Sensory (special) Taste sensation conveyed by the glossopharyngeal & lesser palatine nerves 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 21

22. Arterial supply Greater palatine branch of maxillary artery Ascending palatine branch of facial artery Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal artery 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 22

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24. Venous drainage Pharyngeal venous plexus via para-tonsillar veins 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 24

25. Lymphatic drainage Retropharyngeal LN Upper group of deep cervical LN 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 25

26. Arrangement of structures of soft palate (above downwards) Mucous membrane of naso pharyngeal surface A layer of palatine glands Anterior fasciculus of palatopharyngeous , levator veli palatini, posterior fasciculus of palatopharyngeous (before backwards) Palatine aponeurosis with splitting in the middle to enclose the musculus vuvlae Palatoglossus A layer of palatine glands Mucous membrane of buccal surface 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 26

27. 09-05-2024 10:52 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 27

28. Thank you 09-05-2024 11:24 Ast Professor(Dr) Asutosh Pramanik, MBBS, MD 28