THE PHILIPPINES IN 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL'S CONTEXT

this is about the life of rizal during the 19th century

1. THE PHILIPPINES IN 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT

2. JOSEFA KIMBERLY CRISTY JOY JEORGE Our Member s

3. Table of Content INTRODUCTION 1 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 2 SOCIAL CONDITIONS 3 POLITICAL CONDITIONS 4

4. Definition The term “modernity” highlights the shift from traditions to new ideas, attitudes, and institutions, signaling a new transition to new era.

5. Economic Conditions During the 19th century, the Philippines' economic condition gave rise to Haciendas or the❝cash-crop economy". Where large parts of lands would be used for crops considered as cash-crop. Some cash-crops are: Sugar, Tobacco, Abaka, and Coffee. Being open to worldtrade and having these products abundant in the Philippines, the Philippines became a major exporter for these products and became well-known in other parts of the world.

6. Notes Mercantilism was a form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restrictive trade practices. (Kenton et al., 2024) the national wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and collecting precious metals in return.

7. Social Conditions The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and master slave relationship by the Spaniards.

8. Social Conditions Their social structure is ranked into three groups: 1. Highest Class 2. Middle Class 3. Lowest Class

9. T he people that belong in this class include the Spaniards, peninsulares and the friars. They have the power and authority to rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their positions and do what they want. 1. Highest Class

10. 1. Highest Class → The Spanish officials → The Peninsulares (Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held the most important government jobs, and made up the smallest number of the population. → The Friars are members of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans) .

11. 2. Middle Class T he people that belongs into this class includes the Ilustrados , mestizos and the criollos.

12. 2. Middle Class → Ilustrados - this group was composed of educated pure Filipinos/Mestizos. → The Mestizos - are the Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino or European or Chinese ancestry. → Criollos/Insulares - European descent but born in the colonies of Spain. A son or daughter of a Spanish couple is an insulare.

13. 3. Lowest Class T his class includes the Filipinos only. →The Indios are the poor people having pure blood Filipino which ruled by the Spaniards who were typically peasants, laborers, or uneducated Filipino.

14. 3. Lowest Class T his class includes the Filipinos only. →The Indios are the poor people having pure blood Filipino which ruled by the Spaniards who were typically peasants, laborers, or uneducated Filipino.

15. Political Condition The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19th century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard's slave. The Spaniards claimed their taxes and they worked under the power of the Spaniards.

16. The Gobernador y capitan G eneral was the representative of the King of Spain in the Islands, also the commander-in-chief of the army and navy, president of the R oya l Audiencia or the Supreme Court, and the vice- real patron who appoints someone over ecclesiastical position. The Intramuros was the seat of government, religion, and economy.

17. The alcalde mayores headed the provinces. While the gobernadorcillo was the counterpart of today's municipal mayor. The cabeza de barangay was then part of kadatuan and was a tax and contributions collector for the gobernadorcillo. The Filipinos only held the gobernadorcillo and cabeza de barangay positions.

18. The film narrates the adventures and misadventures of a naive peasant boy, Kulas, who wanders through the Philippine Revolution of 1896-1898 and the Philippine-American War of 1899-1901. The events serve as catalysts for Kulas to come to a realization about his identity as a man and as a Filipino. The hut that Kulas calls home burns down as a result of his negligence. Forced to leave the farm to look for temporary shelter, he encounters a priest fleeing a band of thieves. They get acquainted and the priest begs Kulas to take his illegitimate son Bindoy to Manila. On their way to the city, Kulas and the boy meet a traveling theater troupe. Kulas falls in love with the lead, Diding. But he is not given the chance to declare his love as he must proceed to the city with the boy and the troupe has to move on. SUMMARY

19. With the boy in tow, Kulas reaches Manila by boat. Lim, a Chinese merchant he meets on board, guides him through the city. Kulas is at a loss after escorting the boy to his destination, until he encounters Diding again, who is now married to a Spanish mestizo, Don Tibor. Another misfortune befalls Kulas when Spanish soldiers mistake him for a rebel. He is incarcerated but escapes with the help of a fellow prisoner, a revolutionary, just before he is to be executed. Meanwhile, Manila is in chaos because of the arrival of the Americans. The Spanish regime falls, and Kulas decides to see Diding for the last time. After a brief encounter with the woman, Kulas leaves in pursuit of his future and his identity as a Filipino .

20. Describe the 19th century Philippines as represented in the film. What can you say about the film’s representation of the 19th century? What is your own reflection based on the film? ACTIVITY 1: REFLECTION PAPER

21. https://youtu.be/nvOhea-KxM8?si=BEQavmDgraQPjr8h https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-philippine-in-the-19th-century/250068791

22. Thank You