THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES / NATURE, TYPES AND CONSEQUENCES OF POWER

In this subject, it will help you to analyze the different political ideologies. Aside, you'll also understand the nature, types and consequences of power.

Special credits to Ms. Eunice Taule, for providing me her self-made modules to make this presentation more understandable.

1. Lesson 2. political ideologies

2. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1KZJfA0U4cii6bDM-gqsJ65XPaudmj86kUy05nwjbhAg/edit LESSON 1. ASSESSMENT

3. “A Man by nature is a political animal.” ~ Aristotle, Philosopher

4. Directions: Observe and A nalyse the Political Arrow below. Answer the question below by writing it on the space provided.

5. WHAT IS IDEOLOGY? An orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation. A coherent set of views on politics and the role of the government (Harcourt 2020 ). Sets of basic beliefs about political, economic, social and affairs held by majority of people within as society.

6. WHAT IS IDEOLOGY? A political statements that aim to call upon massive mass or government action to achieve A relatively better political and economic condition ( Baradat 1997). Ideologies are goal-oriented which means that it may go for or against a certain Configuration of a political community (R.A. & Reidan Pawilen ).

7. THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM As Frederick Watkins suggested that ideologies come from different political extremes (R.A . & Reidan Pawilen ). The left-right (radical-conservative) spectrum suggest a different levels of political attitude and ways to change or preserve a status quo.

8. HISTORY OF THE SPECTRUM It begins in France in 1789, in the summer, time of the FRENCH REVOLUTION when an angry mob stormed in Bastille. The National Assembly had assembled for one principal goal , to write a new constitution. The assembly debated on how much power the King should have , those who thought the King should have absolute veto sat on the right of the president of the assembly, and those who thought should not sat on the left.

9. Political Ideologies (R.A. & Reidan Pawilen ) Conservatism Liberalism Marxism Anarchism Libertarian

10. 1. CONSERVATISM It is characterized by a resistant to change , adherent to limited human freedom as it chooses to maintain traditional values. In the view of Edmund Burke in his book Reflections on the Revolution in France, argued that change must be made gradually in order to preserve it .

11. 2. LIBERALISM It favours change, prefers more freedom and has a more optimistic approach to human reasoning and nature. It adheres to Adam Smith’s laissez-faire, in his book Wealth of Nations in which the government does not interfere with the market .

12. 3. MARXISM A social, political and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx which focuses on the struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Some of the basis of Marxism are the following:

13. A. ALIENATION The relationship between two or more people or parts of oneself where one is cut off, a stranger of alien . ALIEN-NATION B. CLASS STRUGGLE Emphasizing the struggle of the proletariat as the bourgeoisie oppresses them with unfair compensation , exploiting them with standards and laws and controlling the system to maintain social status.

14. 4. ANARCHISM An ideology that favours the abolition of government The belief that since power corrupts, a better system based on voluntary cooperation and not power relations should be established.

15. 5. LIBERTARIAN The belief in freedom of thought and speech. The government has a minimal role the safety and fairness .

16. LESSON 3. Nation, state and globalization

17. “Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.” ~ Abraham Lincoln

18. Directions: Observe the picture below. Write the purpose and consequences of Power.

19. What is Power? According to Karl Deutsch, it is the ability to be involved in conflict, to resolve it and to remove the obstacles. Morgenthau describes it as anything that establishes and maintains control of man over man , covers all social relationship which serve that end ( Nitisha 2017 ). Dahl defined it as the ability of person/institution; to make person/institution to do something that it could not do alone (R.A. & Reidan Pawilen ).

20. According to Couloumbis and Wolfe, power can be seen having three important ingredients, which are: POWER The explicit threat or the use of military, economic and their instruments in pursuit of political objectives. INFLUENCE The use of instruments of persuasion in order to maintain or alter the behaviour that is suitable to the preferences of the other. AUTHORITY Having the knowledge, expertise, use it to make others comply unto the directives of authority.

21. TYPES OF POWER Taxonomy of Power is created by Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall to classify major types of power (R.A. & Reidan Pawilen 2016 ).

22. 1 . COMPULSORY POWER The direct control of one actor of the conditions and actions of another. This focus on the relations that allows one actor to directly shape the actions of others. 2 . INSTITUTIONAL POWER The indirect ways in which one actor affects another. This focus on the institution/s that mediate between actors .

23. 3. STRUCTURAL POWER This looks on the position and roles of various actors in relation to each other. This power can work to oblige some actors to recognize their dominations . 4. PRODUCTIVE POWER This concerns constitution, the social discourses that produce social identities and capacities for all subjects. Focuses on the discourse between actors to negotiate power.

24. An effective leader understand how to wield power, that leadership is a skill that needs knowledge and practice to make it effective. Power in itself is neither good nor bad as it is the user that determines if power is used to serve or undermine goals (Prescott 2015).

25. CONSEQUENCES OF POWER One famous quotation’s said “Great power, comes great responsibility ”. It may encourage others to be responsible , compliant and committed as it was the authority influence others. But if taken for personal gain, power may be corrupted, it may be used for self-goals rather than communal good.