the_problem_and_review_of_literature.pptx

3Is

1. THE PROBLEM AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE Focusing the Research, Learning from Others

2. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING By the end of this discussion, you are expected to develop the following abilities relative to the conduct of a research: OBJECTIVES on the agenda Distinguish the following related terms in research: topic, research problem, purpose statement, and research questions; Explain the purpose of the Background of the Study and how it must be written; Write the Statement of the Problem with consideration of a prospective research design; State the purpose of doing a review of literature and how to select and synthesize information. Use MS Word to properly cite sources and indicate references.

3. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING STARTING WITH RESEARCH probing a problem, finding a focus TOPIC broad subject matter addressed by the study. RESEARCH PROBLEM a general educational issue, concern, or controversy addressed in research that narrows the topic PURPOSE STATEMENT the major intent or objective of the study used to address the problem 3 RESEARCH QUESTION narrows the purpose into specific questions that the researcher would like answered or addressed in the study.

4. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING STARTING WITH RESEARCH probing a problem, finding a focus What are good sources of researchable problems? Theories to be validated, extended, or modified Other studies, particularly through research recommendations National or international trends or situations to be described or improved Real-life problems, personal issues, experiences, or situations of SHS students 1 2 3 4

5. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap This is the description that leads the reader to understanding the research questions and appreciate why they are asked. In writing this section, Introduce and briefly define the variables under study cite the most important study or related literature be consistent with terms used ensure that paragraphs summarize unresolved issues, conflicting findings, social concerns, or educational, national, or international issues. This will serve to highlight the gap in knowledge that can be addressed by doing the study. write the last paragraph to express the intent or ultimate purpose of the study.

6. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap SHS Students’ Social Media Usage and Their Attention Span in Class From 2010 to present, statistics would show that social media has increased its breadth in terms of the number of people who use it significantly. In fact, Facebook alone, as of January 2017 has reached a record high of approximately 1,850,000,000 active users as compared to 400 million in 2012 (Smith, 2017). This remarkable increase in social media activity has fueled the interest of various researchers on the effect of social media usage. Social media are forms of electronic communication devices through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (Stevens, 2013).

7. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap Several studies have examined the effect of social media on student academics (Matthews, 2014; Johnson & Johnson, 2016), its relationship with stress (Santos, 2015; Chan, 2016), and attention span (Microsoft Corp., 2014; Jackson, 2016) According to a study funded by Microsoft in 2014, people now generally lose concentration after eight seconds, highlighting the affects of an increasingly digitalized lifestyle on the brain. Attention span, as defined by Webster (2011) is the amount of concentrated time a person can spend on a task without becoming distracted.

8. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap Microsoft found that since the year 2000 the average attention span dropped from 12 seconds to eight seconds. That is less than the nine-second attention span of the average goldfish. Foster (2014), in her narrative study on three college students and their cellular phone addiction, explains that the extreme use of cellular phones by the participants of the study has led to their inability to concentrate in class and commit extensively to tasks required of them. While several other studies have been conducted to explain the effect of social media on high school students (Brown & Black, 2012; Dela Cruz, 2014; Jacobs, 2015) none of the existing literature establishes a relationship between the use of social media to the attention span of senior high school students in the Philippines,

9. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap The purpose of this correlational study is to determine if there exists a certain degree of association between use of social media and the classroom attention span among senior high school students’ of De La Salle Araneta University in Malabon City, Philippines.

10. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap From 2010 to present, statistics would show that social media has increased its breadth in terms of the number of people who use it significantly. In fact, Facebook alone, as of January 2017 has reached a record high of approximately 1,850,000,000 active users as compared to 400 million in 2012 (Smith, 2017). This remarkable increase in social media activity has fueled the interest of various researchers on the effect of social media usage. What do you notice about the opening paragraph of the Background of the Study? This is what you call the NARRATIVE HOOK.

11. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING 11 NARRATIVE HOOK It serves the important function of drawing the reader into a study. cause the reader to pay attention elicit emotional or attitudinal responses, spark interest, and encourage the reader to continue reading. Statistical data “More than 50% of the adult population experiences depression today.” A provocative question “Why are school policies that ban smoking in high schools not being enforced?” A clear need for research “School suspension is drawing increased attention among education researchers.” The intent or purpose of the study “The intent of this study is to examine how clients construe the therapist–client relationship.”

12. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap Foster (2014), in her narrative study on three college students and their cellular phone addiction, explains that the extreme use of cellular phones by the participants of the study has led to their inability to concentrate in class and commit extensively to tasks required of them. While several other studies have been conducted to explain the effect of social media on high school students (Brown & Black, 2012; Dela Cruz, 2014; Jacobs, 2015) none of the existing literature establishes a relationship between the use of social media to the attention span of senior high school students in the Philippines, What is the purpose of this paragraph? A RESEARCH GAP fills a void in existing literature, establish a new line of thinking, assess an issue with an understudied group or population.

13. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY hooking the reader, filling the gap The purpose of this correlational study is to determine if there exists a certain degree of association between use of social media and the classroom attention span among senior high school students’ of De La Salle Araneta University in Malabon City, Philippines. PURPOSE STATEMENT needs to be carefully constructed and written in clear and concise language. The purpose of this (research design) study is (was? will be?) to (understand? describe? develop? discover?) the (central phenomenonor construct) for (the participants) at (the site)

14. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING Statement of the problem specifying questions This section contains the actual research problem and the specific research question(s) central to the research. “ This study (or research) aims to…( make congruent with title ).” “Specifically, this research (or study) seeks to answer the following questions:” Phrase questions with the data to be collected in mind. Answer the questions and rephrase question, if your intended answer does not match the question. In qualitative research, this is equivalent to the statement of a central question Qualitative research questions are open-ended, evolving, and nondirectional. The central question is then broken down into more specific issue subquestions or procedural subqeustions .

15. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING Statement of the problem specifying questions This study generally aims to determine if SHS students’ use of social media possess significant relationship with their attention span in class. Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions: What is the level of social media usage of Grade 12 students of De La Salle Araneta University (DLSAU) based on the Social Media Usage questionnaire? What is the attention span in class of Grade 12 students of DLSAU? Is there a significant relationship between level of social media use and the attention span of Grade 12 students of DLSAU? In this research, we seek to understand how the excessive use of social media has affected the life of James, a senior high school student in a certain university in the Philippines, by restorying the events that led to his self-confessed addiction into significant episodes. Central to this qualitative inquiry is the question: How does one typical student become overly dependent on social media? Furthermore, we seek to answer to the following sub-questions:

16. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING Literature review learning from others This is a written summary of journal articles, books, and other documents that describes the past and current state of information on the topic of your research study. to prove researchers’ familiarity with significant and/or up-to-date research relevant to the topic; and to establish your study as one link in a chain of research that is developing knowledge in your field. to justify your choice of research question, theoretical or conceptual framework, and method; to establish the importance of the topic; to provide background information needed to understand the study;

17. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING Literature review learning from others Although opinions differ about the extent of literature review needed before a study begins, qualitative texts (e.g., Creswell, 2003; Marshall & Rossman, 2006) refer to the need to review the literature so that one can provide the rationale for the problem and position one's study within the ongoing literature about the topic . Creswell, 2007

18. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING Literature review learning from others Identify key terms Locate literature Critically evaluate and select the literature Organize the literature Write a literature review

19. OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE REFERENCING REFERENCING respecting the work of others What are the commonly used citation and reference styles? APA , American Psychological Association – Social Sciences, www.apastyle.org MLA , Modern Language Association – Literature & Humanities, www.mla.org Chicago Manual of Style – Humanities & Social Sciences, www.chicagomanualofstyle.org