The Propaganda Movement PowerPoint Presentation

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1. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

2. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Propaganda – message designed to persuade its intended audience to think and behave in a certain manner. Propaganda movement – A peaceful crusade or campaign for reform was done by means of pen and tongue to pressure the Spanish government. It was organized and participated by the ilustrados . 2

3. Factors that gave birth to Philippine Nationalism Influx of liberal ideas The Spanish revolution Opening of Suez Canal 1869 The martyrdom of father Gomez, Burgos and Zamora 3

4. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were executed.  The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic students abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, London and other foreign cities 4

5. Cavite Mutiny January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers of Cavite, under the leadership of sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed their Spanish officers. Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, J acinto Zamora were accused of treason to Spanish and tried in an unfair trial. They were sentenced to death by “garrote” on February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan . 5

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8. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT A peaceful crusade or campaign for reforms was done by means of pen and tongue to exposed the defects of Spanish rule in the Philippines and the urgency of reforms to remedy them. It was organized and prepared by the Ilustrados . Dr. Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del Pilar Graciano Lopez Jaena 8

9. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT Work of promoting the welfare and happiness of the fatherland. Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writing speeches, they crusaded for reforms to rectify the evils of Spanish colonial System. 9

10. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT The ilustrados led the Filipinos’ quest for reform. Because of their education and newly acquired wealth, they felt more confident about voicing out popular grievances. 10

11. REFORMS DESIRED BY THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT 11

12. THE PROPAGANDISTS

13. Graciano Lopez Jaena Marcelo H. Del Pilar Jose Rizal Mariano Ponce Antonio Luna y Novicio Juan Luna y Novicio Jose Ma. Panganiban y Enverga Pedro Alejandro Paterno Pedro Serrano Laktaw Isabelo de los Reyes Felix Resurrecion Hidalgo Dominador Gomez Jose Alejandrino Orator Lawyer and Journalist Physician and novelist Medical student and writer Pharmacist and essayist Master of brush Linguist and essayist Lawyer and a man of letters Teacher-tutor Folklorist Master of brush Physician and orator Engineer and writer 13

14. THE PROPAGANDISTS They came from good families, highly intelligent, educated, patriotic and courageous, who symbolize the flower of Filipino manhood. 14

15. Graciano Lopez Jaena The greatest orator of the propaganda The first editor of the La Solidaridad 15

16. Marcelo H. Del Pilar  • He was the first writer of the bilingual newspaper titled “ Diariong Tagalog” • Beloved by the masses because of his eloquent Tagalog and fearless defense of the poor against the friar abuses. • He used Plaridel as his pen name 16

17. Mariano Ponce A medical student and a biographical writer • He used Tikbalang , Naning , and Kalipulako as his pen names 17

18. The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888 March 1, 1888- Manila and the gevernment was shocked by this event. Gobernadorcillos (head of town) , marched to the Ayuntamiento (municipality) Requested the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines. Addressed to Queen of Spain and signed by about 800 F ilipinos patriots Result of the Anti-friar Manifesto The powerful friars avenged themselves by persecuting the leaders and signers of the manifesto Having them arrested and thrown into prison 18

19. La Solidaridad An organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Graciano Lopez Jaena founded La solidaridad in Barcelona published on February 15, 1889 Aims of La Solidaridad To portray vividly the deplorable conditions of the Philippines To work peacefully for political and social reforms To combat the evil forces of medievalism and reaction To advocate liberal ideas and progress To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people for democracy and happiness 19

20. M.H Del Pilar’s farewell We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices that are too little to win the rights and the liberty of a nation that is oppressed by slavery. The publication of La Solidaridad ended on Nov. 15 1895 after 7 years. 20

21. Masonry and the Propaganda Movement Masonry played a significant role in the Propaganda Movement. Many filipino patriots turned masons including: Marcelo H. Del Pilar Jose Rizal Mariano Ponce Graciano Lopez Jaena Revolucion - First Filipino Masonic Lodge Lodge Solidaridad - M.H. Del Pilar and Julio Llorante January 6, 1892- first Filipino Masonic lodge in the Philippines “Lodge Nilad ” 21

22. Asociacion Hispano-Filipina January 12, 1889 – the Filipino propagandist and their Spanish friends organized Asociacion Hispano-Filipina in Madrid for the purpose of securing reforms for the philippines . Don Miguel Morayta - President General Felipe de la Corte - Vice P resident Dominador Gomez - Secretary

23. To facilitate its work, the association was divided into three sections: Political Section headed by Marcelo H. Del Pilar Literary Section , headed by Mariano Ponce Recreation Section , headed by Tomas Arejola 23

24. La Liga Filipina When living in Hong Kong Rizal conceived the idea of establishing a civic association composed of Filipinos. He wrote it with the help of Jose Ma. Basa , an exile of 1872. June 26, 1892, Rizal arrived in Manila July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina 24

25. The aims of the League Union of the Archipelago into a compact, vigorous, and homogeneous body. Mutual protection in all cases of pressing necessity. Defense against all violence and injustice. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce. Study and application of reforms. The motto of the La Liga Filipina was Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All) 25

26. The La Liga Filipina was a civil association of Filipinos. Its constitution provided for the establishment of a supreme council for the whole country, a provincial council in every province, and a popular council in every town. Every Filipino who had at heart the best interest and welfare of the fatherland was qualified to be a member. However, three days after the founding of La Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Governor General Despujol . On July 14, 1892, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan , Mindanao, until 1896. 26

27. The Failure of the Reform Movement There are three (3) reasons why the reform movement failed: 1. The intensive campaign of La Solidaridad for reforms did not yield any tangible result in the form of changes in the administration of the Philippines. 2. The societies established in the Philippines whose purpose was to campaign for reforms did not have sufficient means with which to carry out their aims. 3. The propagandists were divided against themselves by petty jealousies. 27

28. End of the Propaganda Movement The La Liga Filipina collapsed The radical Andres Bonifacio and other radical members separated from it. Los Compromisarios La Solidaridad died out after its last issue on November 15,1895 28

29. The Katipunan Government and Revolution

30. End of the Propaganda Movement With the failure of the Propaganda Movement, the Filipinos gave up the last ditch of hope to peaceful means. Andres Bonifacio led the Filipinos to a new phase of social and political awareness marked by the founding of Katipunan . 30

31. The Founding of Katipunan July 7,1892 Andres Bonifacio , Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa , Deodato Arellano, and a few others, decided to form an association called kataastaasan kagalang-galang na katipunan nang manga anak ng bayan , or katipunan / KKK. Triangle Method in which original member would take two new members who did not know each other but knew only the original member who took them in 31

32. AIMS O F THE KATIPUNAN To unite the Filipinos into one solid nation. To fight for Philippine independence from Spain. 32

33. The Katipunan Objectives The Political objective consisted in working for the separation of the Philippines from Spain. The Moral objective revolved around the teaching of good manners, hygiene, good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious fanaticism, and weakness of character. The Civil aim revolved around the principle of self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed. 33

34. Three Governing Bodies Kataastaasang Sanggunian was the highest governing body of the society and was composed of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comtroller or interventor . Sangguniang Bayan and Sangguniang Balangay represented, respectively, the province and the municipality or town. Sangguniang Hukuman it sat as a court of justice to pass judgments on any members who violate the rules of the society or to mediate between quarrelling brethen or faction 34

35. October 1892 Bonifacio change the method of recruiting members. It was agreed that any member of the society could take in as many new members as he could get. Under this new method, the membership of the society reached more than 100. thereupon an election was held, with the following as officers of the first Supreme Council: Deodato Arellano………………….. President or Supremo Andres Bonifacio …………………... Interventor or Comptroller Ladislao Diwa ………………………. Fiscal Teodoro Plata……………………… Secretary Valentin Diaz………………………..Treasurer 35

36. February 1893 , Bonifacio , disgusted over Arellano’s inaction, deposed him and put Roman Basa in his place as Supremo . Early in 1895 , Bonifacio realized that Roman Basa was an ineffectual as Deodato Arellano, he deposed Basa and he became the Supremo . December 31, 1895, another election to the Supreme Council was held. Eight months later, in August 1898, immediately before the discovery of the Katipunan , the fifth and last Supreme Council took its oath of office. Elected were: 36

37. Andres Bonifacio ----------------------------------- Supremo Emilio Jacinto ---------------------------------------Secretary of State Teodoro Plata ---------------------------------------Secretary of War Briccio Pantas ----------------------------------------Secretary of Justice Aguedo del Rosario --------------------------------Secretary of Interior Enrique Pacheco ------------------------------------Secretary of Finance 37

38. Kinds of Membership FIRST GRADE, Katipon (member), wore a black hood in the meetings of the society. 38

39. SECOND GRADE , kawal (Soldier), wore a green hood with a triangle consisting of white lines. 39

40. THIRD GRADE, Bayani (Patriot) , wore a red mask and a sash with green borders, symbolizing courage and hope. 40

41. The Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan To be admitted in the women’s section, one had to be a wife; daughter, or sister of a katipunero (male member) . It is estimated that about 25 women became members of the secret society. Among the women members of the katipunan were Gregoria de Jesus, Bonifacio’s wife, who was called the lakambini of th KKK; Mari Dizon , wife of katipunero Jose Turiano Santiago and cousin of Emilio Jacinto; Benita Rodriguez, who made the katipunan flag and was the wife of katipunero Restituto Javier; Simeona de Remigio , wife of katipunero Tomas Remigio;Josefa and Trinidad Rizal, sisters of Dr.Rizal ; Delfina Herbosa and Angelica Lopez, Dr. Rizal’s nieces; and Marta Saldana. 41

42. First Cry of Philippine Independence Holy Week in 1895 April 10, 1895 Cave of Bernardo Carpio / P amitian Cave “Viva la Independencia Filipina” 42

43. Dr. Rizal and the Katipunan In J une, 1896, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, acting as Bonifacio’s emissary, sailed for Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s support for coming revolution. According to Valenzuela, in his Memoirs, Rizal did not agree to the Katipunan plan of starting a rebellion. 43

44. The Katipunan and Japan May 1896, a delegate of katipunan members, headed by Jacinto and Bonifacio conferred with a visiting Japanese naval officer and the Japanese consul at a Japanese bazaar in Manila. Moritori Tagawa - interpreter, who married a filipino woman, and a friend of valenzuela . It was a good reason that the katipunan solicited Japan’s aid and alliance. Bonifacio tried to purchase arms and ammunition in Japan but failed for lack of funds. 44

45. Discovery of the Katipunan July 5, 1896, Reported the mysterious activities of certain filipinos who were gathering arms and recruiting men for some unknown purpose. August 13, 1896, Denouncing the anti- Spanish meetings in his parish. August 19, 1896, the Katipunan was discovered by the Spanish authorities 6:15 PM of that day, Teodoro Patiño revealed the secrets of the Katipunan to Father Mariano Gil, Augustinian parish curate. 45

46. The Cry of Balintawak August 26, 1896, Bonifacio rallied the katipuneros to an emergency meeting in Balintawak . Bonifacio informed them of the urgency of beginning the revolution in view of the discovery of their society Produced a heated debate between those who favored the uprising and the oppositionist. Bonifacio and the katipuneros took out their cedula and tore it to pieces 46

47. The Battle of Pinaglabanan , August 30, 1896- Bonifacio led his army to attack the polverin (power depot) in San Juan. August 30, issued a decree declaring a state of war in Manila and eight Luzon provinces. (Manila, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas , Bulacan , Pampanga , Nueva Ecija , and Tarlac ) and placed them under Martial Law by Governor Blanco. Bonifacio soon set out to Naic , Cavite where he establsih a rival government against Aguinaldo. He issued a coup d’etat against Aguinaldo’s government. 47

48. The Pact of Biak na Bato Three Documents: “Program” provided that Primo de Rivera would pay P800,000 to those in arms. “Act of Agreement”, granting of general amnesty to those who would lay down their arms and the privilege to live freely in the Philippines. It stated that Spain would pay a total of 1,700,000 of which sum P800,000 was to be paid to those who would laydown their arms and the remaining P900,000 was to be distributed among the civilian population who had suffered from the ravages of war. 48