THE PULMONARY SYSTEM.pptx

1. Dr. Manisha saha (PT)Orthopedic physiotherapist THE PULMONARY SYSTEM
2. Introduction: If oxygen supply depends only on diffusion through the skin, it would be impossible to support the basal energy requirements.
The remarkably effective ventilatory system meets the body’s needs to maintain efficient gas exchange.
This system regulates the gaseous state of our “external” environment for aerating fluids of the “internal environment during rest and exercise.
The primary function of the ventilatory system includes the following;
1. Supply oxygen required in metabolism.
2. Eliminate Co2 produced in metabolism.
3. Regulate hydrogen ion concentration to maintain acid-base balance
3. What is respiration?
Respiration is defined as a metabolic process wherein the living cell of an organism obtains energy(in the form of ATP) by taking in oxygen and liberating carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
It is a metabolic process that occurs in all organisms.
 It is a biochemical process that occurs within the cells of organisms. In this process, the energy (ATP-Adenosine triphosphate) is produced by the breakdown of glucose which is further used by cells to perform various functions. Every living species, from a single-celled organism to dominant multicellular organisms, performs respiration.
4. Types of respiration:
There are two types of respiration
Aerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. It is a continuous process within the cells of animals and plants.

Anaerobic respiration: It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place without oxygen to produce energy.
5. Components of the respiratory system:
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx Upper Respiratory system

Larynx
Lower Respiratory system
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs
6. Mechanics of ventilation: INSPIRATION
During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, flattened out, and moves downward up to 10 cm toward the abdominal cavity.This enlarges and elongates the chest cavity.
The air in the lungs then expand , reducing its intrapulmonary pressure to about 5 mm hg below atmospheric pressure.
The pressure differential between the lungs and ambient air literally sucks air in through the nose and mouth and inflates the lungs.
The degree of lung fillin depends on 2 factors
1.The magnitude of inspiratory movements.
2.The pressure gradient between the air inside and the air outside the lung.
7.EXPIRATION:
It is predominantly passive process , occurs as air moves out of the lungs from the recoil of stretched lung tissue and relaxation of the inspiratory muscles.
This causes the sternum and ribs to swing down while the diphragm moves towards the thoracic cavity.
These movements decrese chest cavity volume and compress alveolar gas, this forces it out through the respiratory tract to the atmosphere.

1. THE PULMONARY SYSTEM MANISHA SAHA

2. OBJECTIVES Introduction What is respiration? Types of respiration Components of respiratory system Organs of the respiratory system Functions of respiratory system

3. Introduction If oxygen supply depends only on diffusion through skin it would be impossible to support the basal energy requirements. The remarkably effective ventilatory system meets the body’s needs to maintain efficient gas exchange. This system regulates the gaseous state of our “external” environment for aerating fluids of the “internal environment during rest and exercise. The major function of the ventilatory system include; 1.Supply oxygen required in metabolism. 2.Eliminate Co2 produced in metabolism. 3.Regulate hydrogen ion concentration to maintain acid base balance.

4. What is respiration? Respiration is defined as a metabolic process wherein, the living cell of an organism obtain energy(in the form of ATP) by taking in oxygen and liberating carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances. It is a metabolic process that occurs in all organisms.   It is a biochemical process that occurs within the cells of organisms. In this process, the energy (ATP-Adenosine triphosphate) is produced by the breakdown of glucose which is further used by cells to perform various functions. Every living species, from a single-celled organism to dominant  multicellular organisms , performs respiration.

5. Types of respiration There are 2 types of respiration Aerobic respiration: It is a type of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen to produce energy. It is a continuous process that takes place within the cells of animals and plants. Anaerobic respiration: It is a type of  cellular respiration  that takes place in the absence of oxygen to produce energy.

6. Components of respiratory system Upper Respiratory system Nasal cavity Paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Lower Respiratory system Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs

7. Components of Respiratory system

8. MECHANICS OF VENTILATION INSPIRATION During inspiration , the diaphragm contracts , flattens out ,an moves downward upto 10 cm toward the abdominal cavity.This enlarges and elongates the chest cavity. The air in the lungs then expand , reducing its intrapulmonary pressure to about 5 mm hg below atmospheric pressure. The pressure differential between the lungs and ambient air literally sucks air in through the nose and mouth and inflates the lungs. The degree of lung fillin depends on 2 factors 1.The magnitude of inspiratory movements. 2.The pressure gradient between the air inside and the air outside the lung.

9. MECHANICS OF VENTILATION EXPIRATION: It is predominantly passive process , occurs as air moves out of the lungs from the recoil of stretched lung tissue and relaxation of the inspiratory muscles. This causes the sternum and ribs to swing down while the diphragm moves towards the thoracic cavity. These movements decrese chest cavity volume and compress alveolar gas, this forces it out through the respiratory tract to the atmosphere. During ventilation in moderate to intense exercises , the internal intercostal muscle act powerfully on the ribs and abdominal cavity to produce a rapid and greater depth of exhalation.

10. Function of Respiratory system It provides extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood. Moves air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs. Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variation. Defends the respiratory system and other tissues from invasion by pathogens. Produces sounds- Speaking, singing , nonverbal communication. Provides olfactory sensations to CNS.

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