The Revolutions of 1848

In 1848, Europe wasswept by a series of simultaneous revolutions across the continent. Of the Great Powers, only Britain and Russia escaped the revolutionary upheaval. Although the revolutionary governments in Italy, France, Germany, and Austria were short-lived and conservative governments were re-established, the Revolutions of 1848 are seen as the end of the Age of Metternich and a turning point in European History.

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3. REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

1. Several European nations were swept
by a series of simultaneous revolutions.

2. These revolutions generally failed and
conservatives regained power.

3. Britain and Russia did not experience
the revolutions that otherwise swept
over the continent.

4. Age of
Metternich

1815-1848

5. THE REVOLUTIONARIES

THE GROUP

THE GOALS

LIBERALS

Limit Church Influence & State Power
Republican Government
Economic Freedom & Civil Liberties

NATIONALISTS

National unity based on common
language, culture, religion, and
shared history

RADICALS

DEMOCRATS | SOCIALISTS

Universal Male | Worker ownership of
Suffrage the means of production

6. CONFLICTING
PHILOSOPHIES

These “isms” don’t all
play well together.

7. CONSERVATIVES
MODERATES

RADICALS

8. Which group will the

MODERATES

support?

9. When
CONSERVATIVES
are too
CONSERVATIVE

10. CONSERVATIVES
MODERATES
RADICALS

11. When
RADICALS
are too
RADICAL

12. CONSERVATIVES
MODERATES

RADICALS

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15. PHILIPPE

“Citizen King” ©

Constitutional
Monarch

16. Francois

GUIZOT

Louis Philippe’s
Prime Minister

Conservative
Liberal

17. REPUBLICAN
BANQUETS

Icon Created by Ricardo Luciano
from the Noun Project

18. 2/22/1848

Icon Created by Marcela Abbade
from the Noun Project

19. GUIZOT

says

22. LOUIS BLANC ÉS)

French Socialist
and member of the

Provisional
Government.

23. EMPLOUMENT € y

is a fundamental

RIGHT

24. VISIONARY

Use Government
to implement

SOCIALIST

policies.

26. programs

| for the yá in
«

Photo by Tim Fields

27. the Provisional Government to

cate the socialist faction
> Se. e y =
À 7 ES > Al: 4 # PE
So Photo by Tim Fields

28. TENSION

MODERATE VS RADICAL
(Liberal) : (Socialist)
Republicans Republicans

29. FREDERIC
BASTIAT

French
Classical
Liberal

30. THE LAW
(1850)

Attack on

Louis Blanc
& Socialism

31. "I do not dispute their
right to invent social
combinations, to
advertise them, to
advocate them, and to
try them upon
themselves, at their
own expense and
risk...

32. "But I do dispute
their right to
impose these
plans upon us by
law — by force —
and to compel us
to pay for them
with our taxes."

33. 1648

PRESIDENTIAL °
ELECTION

2

Republicans

vs.
Conservatives

34. _ Conservative rural voters didn’t
want to.be taxed to pay for
socialist programs. ;--

35. ny AS
| Ihuis:nn OLEON

36. SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC
1848-1852

Napoleon III ruled :
France until France |:
was defeated in the
Franco-Prussian War.

37. Photo by Reza

38. 3 UN
| -NAPOL ÉONTIL

39. SECOND FRENCH EMPIRE

1852-1870

Napoleon III ruled
France until France
was defeated in the
Franco-Prussian War.

Art Credit: Spedona & Katepanomegas

40. - à ©

TOPICAL

1. Divided revolutionaries unable
to agree on a program.

2. Conservatives and moderates
fear excesses of radicals.

3. Counter-revolutionary
conservatives regain power.

42. UPHEAVAL
INTHE
GERMAN:

: i. Nationalists,
STATES “Liberals; &
= = SE _ Radicals

47. The Frankfurt Parliament drafted a

CONSTITUTION

for a unified Germany. |

49. Conservatives
divided and
conquered the
revolutionaries,
who could not
agree on an
agenda.

51. Kingdom of Hungary within
A the Austrian Empire

Approximate lines beyond which Hungarian
A control was disputed by other nationalities
rit Main areas of clashes between revolutionary
Hungary and:

SK Romanian forces
ME. Serb forces
Slovak forces

LIVUIIMIUA OL

52. Germans
Hungarians
Czechs
Slovaks
Poles
Ukrainians
Slovenes
Croats, Serbs
Romanians
Italians

BOSNIA

| Sarajevo &
=

Monte-

negro

Romania—

#

Bülgaria

GENE in ces

hgary by William R.

jepherd, 1911.

55. Metternich
in Exile
1848-1851

56. > HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION

58. cs
=
=
=
$
a '

59. HUNGARIAN TRICOLOR

Republican Nationalism

60. “olang)

= © RUSSIAN) vo

oun INTERVENTION

SWITZERLAND, “a
TS of ass within
A the Austrian Empire
. + Approximate lines beyond which Hungarian
+" control was disputed by other nationalities

Main areas of clashes between revolutionary
Hungary and

Romanian forces

|
By Serb forces

"X Slovak forces
LIVUINUSITCh 7

€

EMPIRE

(Serbia Jautonomous statff

ependency

61. NICHOLASI Gi

The tsar of
Russia assisted
the Hapsburg
counter-
revolution.

64. Painting by Carl Steffeck of the execution of Robert Blum, 1848

66. > betel

67. ay See, Graz 57 La

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Has - - Sr Karl
«AUSTRIANS ©” %

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TT

DOMINANCE

68. (unsuccessful)

REVOLUTIONS

69. GIUSEPPE
MAZZINI

— Romantic

= : :

_ Nationalist
Activist for

Italian Unification

70. ROMAN REPUBLIC

God and the People

(1849)

Mazzini and
his allies
created a
short-lived
republic in
Rome.

71. ITALIAN TRICOLOR

The current flag
of Italy uses the
same tricolor
design.

72. GIUSEPPE
GARABALDI

of the
Italian
Legion

73. The pope left
Rome and
called for help
from Catholic
countries.

74. COUNTER-
REVOLUTION Palermo _ eût

75. Dovunque
saremo,
cola sara
Roma.

(Wherever we
may be, there
will be Rome.)

77. After the falhof, tHe store. ived
Republic, Garibaldi abandoned Mazzini’ s
republican idealism and later fought to
make Victor Emmanuel II the king of a
united Italy.

78. UNITES
KINGDOM

[om
a

79. » Er A
| fy à» PH ? we
} P a ae rege i” 4
‘Openness to HD Bt
À “PARLIAMENTARY

yt

REFORM

80. 3

ACI

3

an

81. REFORM MEASURES

Passed by Parliament in lieu of Chartist proposals

MINES ACT 1842
CORN LAWS REPEALED 1846
TEN HOUR ACT 1847

82. GREAT CHARTIST MEETING

April, 1848

83. REFORM FROM

ABOVE

RADICAL

AGITATION

85. E

iv Me
se

Y U NO REVOLT???

88. Five leaders of the
revolt were hanged in
the last public execution
in tsarist Russia.

Photo by Global Panorama

90. > ER
me repression putdow

91. FOR THE TIME BEING

92. REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

1. Several European nations were swept
by a series of simultaneous revolutions.

2. These revolutions generally failed and
conservatives regained to power.

3. Britain and Russia did not experience
the revolutions that otherwise swept
over the continent.

93. Age of
Metternich

1815-1848

94. Age of

Bismarck

95. The Politics
of Peace

96. The Politics
of Power

= BEGIN
= \

97. PRAGMATISM

Pragmatists would replace idealists as leaders of
the unification movements in Germany and Italy.

98. LEARNING. DELIVERED.
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