The role and functions of pituitary gland

Pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis
Pituitary gland is a small pea-sized endocrine gland
It releases several important hormones

1. ROLE OF HORMONES IN CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION MJC 5 – Cytology & MJC 6 – Endocrinology Presented by: AAYUSHI KUMARI Roll No .: 231220541027 SEMESTER-IV

2. INTRODUCTION • Cytology studies the structure and function of cells. • Endocrinology focuses on hormones and their regulatory roles. • Cell growth and division are essential for development, repair, and reproduction. • Hormones act as chemical messengers influencing cellular activities.

3. KEY HORMONES INVOLVED • Growth Hormone (GH) – from Pituitary gland – stimulates cell growth and protein synthesis. • Thyroxine (T3, T4) – from Thyroid gland – increases metabolism and supports cell division. • Insulin – from Pancreas – promotes glucose uptake and energy for growth. • Steroid Hormones (Estrogen, Testosterone) – from Gonads – regulate tissue development.

4. MECHANISM OF ACTION • Hormones bind to cell receptors, activating signal transduction pathways. • This triggers gene expression for proteins controlling the cell cycle. • Example: GH activates IGF-1, promoting DNA synthesis and mitosis. • Hormonal balance is crucial; imbalance may lead to cancer or growth disorders.

5. CONCLUSION • Hormones are vital regulators of cell growth and division. • Cytology visualizes cellular changes, while Endocrinology explains hormonal control. • Understanding both fields helps explain development, healing, and disease. • Balanced hormones ensure healthy cellular activity .

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