The Steps or methods of research PowerPoint

All about research.

1. Methods of Research
Engr. Sylvia E. Pama, REA, REB, EnP, MPA, Ph.D.

2. Activity # 1 (July 7, 2019)
What motivates you
to enroll in the
Graduate Degree
programs (in a one half
sheet of paper)

3. What is research?
Systematic and objective analysis
and recording of controlled
observations that may lead to the
development of generalizations,
principles or theories resulting in
prediction and possibly ultimate
control of events (Best & Khan ,
1988)

4. 2. Reporting(individual) -20%
1.Regularclassattendance-40%
COURSE REQUIREMENTS :
4. Group activities -10%
6. Hand–outs/Compilation of all reports –10%
Format :
1. Cover Page : Subject, Submitted by and Submitted to
2. Table of Contents : Topics then Reporters
3. Class Participation -10%
5. Assignments -10%

5. Systematic, controlled and
empirical inquiry about a
subject/topic through problem-
solving process using a
method application of the
scientific method to the study
of a problem (Henson &
Soriano, 1999)

6. Purposive, systematic and
scientific process of gathering,
analyzing, classifying, organizing,
presenting and interpreting data
for the solution of a problem, for
prediction, for invention, for the
discovery of truth, or for the
expansion or verification of
existing knowledge all for the
preservation and improvement of
the quality of human life.
(Calderon & Gonzales, 1993)

7. Why do research?
Functions of Research
Seek new truths and add to fund of
knowledge: (academic reason);
Fill in gaps in knowledge in a
discipline;
Redirect causes of action and
evaluate policies.

8. Answer practical
questions/problems related to
one’s profession
Acquire baseline data/basic or
new knowledge or information
Answer theoretical questions
such as testing, applying or
developing a theory

9. What are the sources of
knowledge for research?
•Experience-based from one’s
perception and interpretation
•Authority-pronouncement of
authority or experts
•Deductive reasoning-thinking
process that proceeds from general
to specific

10. •Inductive reasoning-
conclusions based on facts
gathered through direct
observations
•Scientific method-moves
inductively from observations
to hypotheses and
deductively from hypotheses
to logical implications

11. What are the scientific
method for research?
Defining the problem
Stating the hypothesis
Deductive reasoning
Collection and analysis of data
Confirming or rejecting the
hypotheses

12. What are the characteristics
of a researcher?
–Research-oriented
–Efficient
–Scientific
–Effective
–Active
–Resourceful
–Creative
–Honest
–Economical
–Religious

13. What are the basic methods of
research?
–Historical –objective, accurate reconstruction
of past in relation to tenability of hypothesis
–Descriptive –systematic description of situation
or area of interest
–Developmental –investigation of patterns and
sequences of growth and/or change as a
function of time
–Qualitative –intensive study of background,
current status and environmental interactions
of a single subject

14. –Correlational –investigation of extent to which
variations in one factor systematically
correspond to variations in another
–Causal-comparative/ex post facto –investigation
of cause and effect relationships by observing
some existing effect and searching existing data
for causal factors
–Experimental –manipulation of one or more
treatments with 2 or more groups of subjects to
investigate cause and effect relationship.
Random assignment is essential. When random
assignment is not possible the design is referred
to as quasi-experimental

15. 1.Identify problems you encounter in
your work, workstation, people
around you, environment, that you
think need to be solved.
2.Sort out these problems and try to
categorize these as to how
“pressing” or “urgent” or
“researchable” or “doable” these are.
3.Make a list and rank the problems
as to their importance/relevance
TIPS for doing research

16. 4. Think of the possible titles you can
have for the problems identified.
5. List the first 3 titles and reflect on
how you could possibly work on these.
6. Have one title approved by your
professor.
7. Form at least 3 researchable
subproblemsfor the chosen title.

17. 8. Determine the instrument(s) you will
use for the subproblems identified.
9. If there are available instruments, see
if these will be appropriate for your
study; if not make modifications or use
these as models to make/design your
own instrument
10. Subject your prepared/modified
instrument for validation

18. 11. Remember the following
R-Read a lot about your topic
E-Explore possibilities for more references
S-Search the internet and other library
collections
E-Engage in interchange of reading materials
A-Annotate materials read to include author, title,
year, publication
R-Review literature and studies related and
relevant to your study
C-Calendar the different stages you will take in
presenting your paper
H-Hone your skills in synthesizing ideas and in
writing

19. 12. Prepare yourself for the presentation
•Produce enough copies of your
manuscript prior to the presentation
•Give each panel member a copy of
your manuscript 5 days in advance
•Study your manuscript and prepare
what you are to present so that it will
not take you long. A 15-20 minutes
presentation would be adequate.

20. Rewrite your draft incorporating the
comments and suggestions of your reader
Edit your own work prior to your submission
to your adviser
Avoid a one-sentence paragraph; technical
writing makes use of simple and clear
language; sentences are in the active voice
Tighten long papers by eliminating
redundancy, wordiness, jargon,
evasiveness, overuse of passive voice, and
clumsy prose.

21. Thank You!

22. Discussions/Reporting by Group
Chapter 1 –The Problem
Chapter 2 & 2.1 –Review of Literature
Chapter 3 & 3.1 –Methodology
Chapter 4 –Presentation,Analysisand
Interpretation of Data
Chapter 5 –Summary,Findings,Conclusions
and Recommendations
Next (August 4, 2019)