THE-VERB, Group 2 reporting--performance

for lesson purposes

1. THE VERB

2. A verb is the part of speech that signals the execution of an action, the occurrence of an event, or the presence of a condition or a state of being. The action verb asserts the performance of an action. The state of being verb expresses a condition or the relationship between a noun or pronoun and a verb. This state of being verb is also called a copula. A finite verb is any verb form that may be used as a predicate in a sentence. Both the action verb and the state of being verb are finite verbs.

3. - The Philippines is an archipelago. (The verb is, a state of being verb, or copula, expresses a condition of the noun, Philippines.) - Filipinos love their freedom. (love is an action verb, signaling the performance of the action by Filipinos .)

4. Structural-descriptive grammar considers a verb as a content word, identified by the following characteristics : 1 . Its form may be changed by adding the suffix- ing , the suffixes or the suffix- ed to its base form . 2. Its syntactical function is typically to form the predicate of a sentence or a subordinate clause.

5. English verbs are said to be inflected to show number, person, voice, mood and tense. Words ending with the following suffixes are verbs: fy -clarify , rectify, certify, specify, verify ize -memorize , criticize, specialize, concretize, minimize ate -regulate , circulate, enunciate, manipulate en - straighten , lengthen, widen, broaden

6. KINDS OF VERBS TRANSITIVE VERB INTRANSITIVE VERB LINKING VERB

7. TRANSITIVE VERB A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to receive the action. Filipinos e at rice . (The object rice is required to give meaning to the action word eat ) He tasted the roast. He sang a kundiman . They planted narra seedlings . The policeman helped the victim.

8. NOTE : The action expressed by the transitive verb and performed by the subject is received by the object .

9. INTRANSITIVE VERB Intransitive Verb an action verb is used intransitively when it does not require an object to make it meaningful. Time flies. The older children walked All men die The seed germinated. NOTE: An intransitive verb needs no object. It makes by itself a complete statement of the action performed by the subject.

10. A linking verb , sometimes called a copula, connects or links the subject to a noun, pronoun or adjective. It establishes a relationship between the subject and the noun, pronoun, or adjective. The audience became restless . They are happy. He became a pediatrician. His testimony seemed credible . LINKING VERB

11. NOTE : A linking verb is always requires subject complements, a noun, pronoun or adjective to complete its meaning .

12. The common linking verbs are am, is, are, were, will be, shall be, has been, have been, become, feel, get, grow, look, appear, prove, smell, seem, taste, turn, sound. These verbs are used as linking verbs if they have a complement, a noun, pronoun or adjective. Without a subjective complement these are either used as transitive or intransitive verbs. 1 . Marian is a student. (linking verb, student is the complement.) 2 . Marian is in the library. (intransitive, in the library is an adverb of place, modifier.) 3 . They are noisy (linking noisy; adjective.) 4 . They are here. (intransitive, here, adverb of place) 5 . The soup tastes rancid. (linking; rancid is an adjective, comple-ment ) 6. He tastes the soup. (transitive; soup, noun direct object

13. Some verb may either be used as transitive verb or as intransitive verb in a sentence. 1.Gianina reads biographies during her leisure hours. (transitive; biographies, direct object) 2.Gianina mreads slowly. (intransitive) 3.Try your hand at painting. (transitive; hand, direct object ) 4.Try and try until you succeed. (intransitive) 5.The son succeeds his father to the mayorship . (transitive, father, direct object) 6.The son succeeds in all his endeavors. (intransitive.)

14. II OTHER WAYS OF CLASSIFYING VERBS Regular Verbs (or Weak Verbs) A transitive verb and an intransitive verb are classified regular verbs if they form their past tense by adding - d or- ed to their base form.

15. Kind of Tenses There are six basic tenses. These are the present tense, the past tense, the future tense, the present perfect tense, past perfect tense and the future perfect tense. The first three tenses are grouped under simple tenses. The three perfect tenses are sometimes referred to as compound tenses in some books of grammar

16. The Simple Tenses The simple present tense or the ordinary form is the base form of the verb with the addition of -s or - es . Verbs ending in -s or - es are singular.

17. Singular goes eat sees moves Plural go eats see move

18. Conventional uses of the simple present or ordinary form : 1 . To express present action or state of being. Dan's father is ill. Mary is present. The boys are in the gymnasium. 2 . Habitual action . Gia bears mass every day. They pray the Holy Rosary every evening. Marco drinks milk daily.

19. 3. General truths (universal present or timeless present) All men die . Nature abbors a vacuum. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 4 . Permanent condition Zamboanga is in Mindanao. The Pope lives in the Vatican . England is a country in Europe Pangasinan is in Luzon Brazil is in South American country .

20. 5. Historical present is a past action, which for dramatic described as occurring in the present. The use of the present tense in this case makes the description vivid. Suddenly a German plane dues vertically through our formation firing as he goes. He misses. The fire in the room is out now, but the smoke is still heavy. There must be fire in the walls. A man from a ladder company arrives and pulls the ceiling down in huge chunks. Now we can see the fire. He backs out at the room so I can hit it. Then we return to the other rooms to let loose a final bath. Our job is finished. On the street we hear Pete bas a nasty burn on his leg.

21. The Simple Past Tense The past tense denotes past action. A regular verb forms its past tense by adding -d or -ed. An irregular verb forms its past tense in some other way than by adding-d or-ed . The storm caused much damage. They had no time to spare. She passed the examination. Carlos bought a new car last week.

22. The expression used to followed by the verb shows past time. It indicates that the action expressed no longer takes place. The expression used to means formerly . He used to play hooky. (he doesn't anymore .) Carına and Adela used to be good friends. ( they aren't anymore.) Alex used to work during the summer vacation. (Alex doesn't work anymore.)

23. The Simple Future Tense The simple future tense is formed by adding shall or will to the base form of the verb. shall sing shall go will eat will play In speech and in writing the prevailing use of will in the United States and in many English-speaking countries in all persons to express simple futurity.

24. 1.The newly appointed secretary of education is going to take his oath tomorrow. 2.The senators time to see the senate President next week. 3.Two popular movie personalities are to be married next summer. 4.We expect to hear from Phoebe in a day or two. 5.Be sure to call Mark when you come to the city.

25. Present Perfect Tense The present perfect tense is formed by adding bas or have to the past participle of the verb. (Review principal parts of the verb.) Has gone Has done Has written Has worked Has finished Have gone Have done Have written Have worked Have finished

26. Uses of the present perfect tense: 1.To denote an action that began in the past and continues into the present We have lived in Quezon City for three years. (Three years ago we lived in Quezon City. We still live in Quezon City.) They have been here since this morning . (They were here this morning . They are still here.) Miss Diaz has taught English since 1990. (Miss Diaz started to teach English in 1990. She still teaches English.).

27. 2 . To denote action or state of being completed at the time statement is made if no definite past time is indicated. We have heard the story several times. I have asked her many times to give me her address . Leo has already read the book.

28. Past Perfect Tense The past perfect tense is formed by adding bad to the past participle of the verb. (Review principal parts of the verb.) Had eaten Had seen Had been Had completed Had talked Had cleaned

29. THANK YOU!