theelementsoffiction-170717kk091229.pptx

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1. FICTION AND PROSE Mark Cesar R. Villanueva Instructor

2. Fiction - it is literature in the form of prose. - it is considered as the type of style used for writing SHORT STORIES and NOVELS. - it uses imaginary events and characters. - in the 21st century, it is adapted into movies.

3. Prose - it is a type of language. - it is written and is used in literature. - it is ordinary in form. - it follows no metrical structure.

4. Examples: Novels Title: The Perks if Being a Wallflower Author: Stephen Chbosky This is a story about a typical teenager from school who experiences a coming-of-age upon meeting a schoolmate. Title: Everything, Everything Author: Nicola Yoon This is a novel about a sick teenager who finds meaning in life through love and the appreciation of everything around her.

5. Examples: Short Stories Title: A Rose for Emily Author: William Faulkner It is a story about Emily, an aristocrat who has a hard time accepting new trends and still chooses to live in the old ways of aristocratic life. She alienates herself from other people, which also affects even demography. She is soon found dead and after a few days, a locked door is forced open. There they found a decaying body of a man who is believed to be the love of her life, but there is more. They found an indentation of a head on the pillow and a long strand of hair that they believe belonged to emily . Title: Rashomon Author: Ryunosuke Akutagawa This is a story about a samurai who had just gave up his title and is having a hard time getting over it. He then meets an olf woman who tests his valiance and chivalry.

6. Examples: Movies Title: Moana Directors: Ron Celements and Don Hall The film concentrates on an excellent girl who decides to have an adventure to prove herself a master wayfinder and completes her ancestors’ quest. On the journey, Moana confronts Maui who is the once mighty demigod and they explore the big world together. Title: Split Director: M. Night Shyamalan Three girls are kidnapped by "Dennis", one of the 23 split personalities inhabiting the body of Kevin Wendell Crumb. As they are held captive, a final personality, "The Beast", begins to materialize.

7. THE ELEMENTS OF FICTION

8. CHARACTERS

9. CHARACTERS - are the people whom with whom the story revolves around. - are usually the recipients or the causes of different conflicts. - they can be good or bad. - some stay and some go away during any part of the story. - are unique from one another. - they can be humans, animals, objects, supernatural being, or anything that you can give human attributes to.

10. Examples:

11. Why are characters important? Characters are important, because as readers need the following: 1. Someone to invest in- “I like Goblin compared to the Grim Reaper” 2. Someone to care about- “Bakit wala parin yung mga pulis?!” 3. Someone to root for- “Gana ya ba se dimiyo idol. Muri ya se dikaw!”

12. CHARACTERIZATION

13. CHARACTERIZATION - it is the creation or the construction of a fictional character. - it is how a character is described. - it is the description of the characters' features. - it is the description of the characters' attitudes. - it is the description of the characters as a whole.

14. Examples: From the outside, Elsa looks poised, regal and reserved, but in reality, she lives in fear as she wrestles with a mighty secret—she was born with the power to create ice and snow. It’s a beautiful ability, but also extremely dangerous. Haunted by the moment her magic nearly killed her younger sister Anna, Elsa has isolated herself, spending every waking minute trying to suppress her growing powers. Her mounting emotions trigger the magic, accidentally setting off an eternal winter that she can’t stop. She fears she’s becoming a monster and that no one, not even her sister, can help her. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE • about 30 years old• large, green ogre• 193cm tall• round face• two ears that look like antennae• wears dirty, white shirt with crocodile skinvest; cloth shoes; brown belt PERSONALITY • Peaceful (when he gets to live alone)• Cranky (when he is bothered by others)• Careful (he doesn’t want to hurt anyone)• Loner (he likes to live alone)• Kindhearted(he doesn’t mean tohurt others SKILLS • Good at:– scaring off villagers by roaring at them– fighting and protecting himself– cooking “Weed Rat Stew”• Bad at:– making friends– using his manners RELATIONSHIPS • Donkey– sidekick and best friend• Princess Fiona– he meets her when he was rescuing her from acastle– he falls in love with her– he marries her LIKES AND DISLIKES • Likes– taking mud showers in his swamp– snacking on slugs and bugs• Dislikes– people coming into his swamp– Donkey’s annoying sounds– Lord Farquaad

15. THE TWO MAJOR TYPES OF CHARACTERS Protagonist Antagonist

16. Protagonist - is one of the major characters in a story. is the one who receives the blow from the antagonist. is the one who comes out with a loss or victorious at the end of a story.

17. Examples: Title: The Stoning of Soraya M. Protagonist: Soraya M. Title: The Boy in Striped Pyjamas Protagonists: Bruno and Shmuel Title: The Fault in Out Stars. Protagonists: Augustus Waters Hazel Grace Lancaster

18. a Examples: Title: The Grave of the Fireflies Protagonist: Title: The Twilight Saga Protagonist: Edward Cullen

19. Antagonist - is the one in conflict with the protagonist. - is the one who terrorizes the protagonist, but gives the protagonist a sense of realization. - it can be a single person or as many as a tribe.

20. Examples: Title: The Stoning of Soraya M. Antagonist: Ali Title: The Grave of the Fireflies Antagonists: America Title: The Boy in Striped Pyjamas Antagonists: The Members of the Nazi

21. Examples: Title: The Twilight Saga Antagonists: Victoria Laurent James

22. THE FOUR ASPECTS CHARACTERIZATION Static Character Dynamic Character Flat Character Round Character

23. STATIC versus Dynamic This character does not exhibit any change in terms of his or her role from the beginning towards the end of the story. This character is often easier to build. This character needs careful scrutiny, so as not to be mistaken as a flat character, because a static character is hard to spot. This character experiences major transitions. This character does not exhibit any change in terms of attitude. This character exhibits change in terms of attitude. This character does not exhibit any change in terms of purpose. This character is usually molded by trials and tribulations. This character does not exhibit change in behaviour. Experiences maturity through having a change of heart or through developing likeable qualities. This character does not exhibit redemption; thus, nothing about this character is highlighted. A character does not usually exhibit a dynamic attitude. This character remains unchanged in spite of the changing world around him or her. A character is dynamic depending on the qualities that change through time.

24. Examples of Static Characters: Character: Fin Title: Adventure Time Character: Scar Title: The Lion King

25. Examples of Dynamic Characters: Character: Harry Potter Title: Harry Potter Character: Daenerys Targaryen Title: The Game of Thrones

26. FLAT versus ROUND This character is uncomplicated and remains the same through out the story. This character is comple, because he or she undergoes a significant change. Unlike a static character, a flat character has two highlighted traits. This character may even have contradictory traits. This character can be summed up in two sentences. This character cannot be summed up in small sentences. They have a tendency to be static. They tend to be dynamic characters. They are easily recognized. They are easily recognized, because the story usually revolves around them. Does not surprise readers, because they are very predictable. Greatly surprises the readers. Is affected by the events, but these events are not strong enough for this character to have a change of heart. Is greatly affected by events, because these events mold this character in to a better or a worse character.

27. Examples of Flat Characters: Character:Olaf Title: Frozen Character: Gollum Title: The Lord of the Rings

28. Examples of Round Characters: Character: Beast Title: Beauty and the Beast Characters: Marlon, Dory and Nemo Title: Finding Nemo

29. Why is characterization important? - it helps the readers visualize the characters. - it helps the readers relate to the character. - it gives the readers and opportunity to examine the characters; thus, allowing them a healthy bias. - it helpd the readers understand the actions of the characters deeply. - it helps the readers understand the different motivations and dowsides of a characters.

30. SETTING

31. SETTING - it is where a story takes place - it is used to give the readers a context, that will help during the analysis of a text. - it helps the readers get a hold of the possible situation wherein the text revolves on; thus, allowing the readers to relate more or visualize better. - it is sometimes equal in signifiance as the characters themselves.

32. Examples: Narnia Hogwarts

33. A Setting... - can be large and all encompassing. - can be very intimate areas. - can be any time of the day. - can be any season (natural). - can be any season (man made celebrations) - can be any type of climate. - can be an era. - can be abstract settings.

34. Examples: Large and all Encompassing Jungle City Hospital

35. Examples: Very Intimate Areas Kitchen Alley Way Room

36. Examples: Any Time of the Day Dawn Twilight High Noon

37. Examples: Any Season (Natural) Winter Summer Fall

38. Examples: Any Season (Man Made Celebrations) Christmas Hanukkah Ramadhan

39. Examples: Any Type of Climate Cold Humid Hot

40. Examples: An Era or Dynasties Joseon Era Silla Era Goryeo Era

41. Examples: Abstract Settings Joyous Sad Eerie

42. Why is the setting important? It's important because it shapes the mood and tone of your story, because the time and places we live in affect our perceptions and actions and because time and place are the basic elements of fiction that give readers a vivid mental picture of the world your characters move in.

43. PLOT

44. PLOT - is the series of events that happen in a story. - is usually referred to as the “flow” of the story. - is the arrangement of happenings in a story.

45. DIFFERENT PLOT TYPES Conventional Plot Episodic Plots Flashback In Medias Re

46. Conventional Plot - a conventional plot follows a straight or linear flow of events that has a start, a middle part, and a finish.

47. Parts of a Conventional Plot 1. Exposition - it provides background information needed to make sense of the action, describes the setting, and introduces the major characters. 2. Conflicts - it is the moment of great tension. 3. Climax - turning point, a moment of greatest tension that fixes the outcome. 4. Resolution- the fixing or the resolution of the different conflicts. 5. Dénouement - it is where the action falls off (falling action) as the plot’s complications are sorted out and resolved.

48. The Plot Line

49. Examples: Spiderman The Story of Moses

50. Episodic Plot - are plots that still function as conventioanl plots, but they come in series. - are a series of conventional plots that can be found in one story.

51. Examples: How to Get Away with Murder Thirteen Reasons Why The Walking Dead

52. Flashback - the author shares to the reader an event that has happened in the past. This past event is where the story focuses on. - this usually ends up in the present context of the story. - this is done to explain the current context of the story; thus, there is a need to go back to the past. - this is also used to provide background not only about the person, but the setting and other events as well.

53. Examples: Titanic The Notebook The Life of Pi

54. In Medias Res - the author chooses to start the story in the middle of a situation. - the current situation of the context is not explained. - the beginning of the story is already established with the conflicts; thus, the exposition does not exist.

55. Examples: Predestination The Notebook The Hunger Games

56. Why is having a plot important? - having a plot is important, because the plot gives the flow in a story. It organizes thoughts, ideas, and events; thus, making readers readers enjoy reading - or watching a movie- without confusion.

57. POINT OF VIEW

58. POINT OF VIEW - it answers the question “Who is telling the story?”or “Who is the narrator?” - it explains the perspective that the story is coming from; thus, making the readers consider if it is biased or not.

59. DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW First Person Point of View Third Person Point of View: Omniscient Limited Omniscient Objective

60. First Person Point of View The narrator presents the point of view of only one character's consciousness, which limits the narrative to what the first-person narrator knows experiences, infers, or can find out by talking to other characters. This means that the narrator is a character of the story.

61. Examples: 1. “I get so weak in the knees I can hardly speak. I lose all control and something takes over me. In a daze, your love's so amazing, it's not a phase. I want you to stay with me, by my side. I swallow my pride, your love is so sweet. It knocks me right off of my feet. I can't explain why your loving makes me weak.” - I Get So Weak by Jojo

62. Examples: 2. “Hello from the other side I must have called a thousand times To tell you I'm sorry for everything that I've done But when I call you never seem to be home Hello from the outside At least I can say that I've tried To tell you I'm sorry for breaking your heart But it don't matter, it clearly doesn't tear you apart Anymore” - Hello by Adele

63. Third Person Point of View The narrator does not use the word “I”, but tells it from the view point of other people; thus, using the words “he”, “she”, or stating the names, like “Zhed” and “Lour”. It is as if the narrator is completely seprate from the charaters adn functions as an observer.

64. Examples: 1. She took the ring off her finger and gave it back to him. 2. They partied all night long without informing their other friends. 3. He wanted to stay, but all that she wanted to do was to leave.

65. The Three Types of Third Person 1. Omniscient - The narrator is all-knowing and takes the reader inside all of the characters’ thoughts, feelings, and motives, as well as shows what the characters say and do.

66. Examples: 1. He was sitting there, cold, scared, and weary. His stomach was spinning from hunger. His feet were cold to the bone. 2. Maryam held the dagger in her hand, while she was over Ali. Her sweat was cold and her heart was skipping beat. She knew right there and then her soul was burning in hell.

67. The Three Types of Third Person 2. Limited Omniscient - The narrator takes the reader inside one (or at most very few characters), but neither the reader nor the character(s) has access to the inner lives of any of the other characters in the story.

68. Examples: 1. Tesha tried calling Earl that night. She was anxious about how he would respond . When he finally pied up, he said hello, while she almost died inside. 2. She held her hand that day that his heart skipped a beat.

69. The Three Types of Third Person 3. Objective - The narrator does not see into the mind of any character; rather he or she reports the action and dialogue without telling the reader directly what the characters feel and think.

70. Examples: 1. Belle gave Tuti a red slipper. Tuti held it tight, looked at it, and placed it under his chair. 2. They stared at each other for almost five minutes. 3. He was panting after the long run, while his companion looked for water.

71. Why is having a point of view important? - having a point of view will help the readers determine the generic views and personal biases that are offered in the story. It helps limit knowledge about character, and at the same time, it helps explain the contribution of each character and event to as story.

72. CONFLICT

73. CONFLICT - it answers the question “Who is telling the story?”or “Who is the narrator?” - it explains the perspective that the story is coming from; thus, making the readers consider if it is biased or not.

74. DIFFERENT CONFLICTS Man versus Man, Self, The Society, Circumstance, Nature, The Supernatural, and God

75. Man vs. Man - the protagonist encounters problems that are caused by another human being. - it may be in the form of physical assault. - it may be in the form of emotional wreckage. - it may be in the form of any human disturbance.

76. Examples: Taken Jason Bourne

77. Man vs. Self - the character experiences an internal conflict. - the character tries to battle his or her own demons. - the character wants to change something within himself or herself, but is finding it hard to do so.

78. Examples: Jennifer of Jennifer's Body Hanna Baker of Thirteen Reasons Why

79. Man vs. The Society - the character experiences a dilemma with the people around him or her. - the character has a problem coping with the norm. - the character suffers judgment. - the character battles practices that separate everything between the character and the community.

80. Examples: The Minister's Black Veil Easy A

81. Man vs. Circumstance - the character struggles with events or situations that happen to him, like accidents, loss, death, and many more.

82. Examples: 127 Hours In Time The Shallows

83. Man vs. Nature - the struggle happens between the character and the forces of nature, like storms, floods, landslides, mudslides, and avalanches.

84. Examples: San Andreas 2012

85. Man vs. Supernatural - the struggle happens between a character and a paranormal being, a curse, and the like.

86. Examples: Legion The Exorcism of Emily Rose

87. Man vs. God - is usually the struggle that roots from a sin. God is blamed by the character who usually exhibits spiritual frailty and backsliding.

88. Deux Ex Machina - means “divine intervention” in English. God is believed to intervene in whatever is happening with the character.

89. Examples: The Story of Adam and Eve Wrath of the Titans

90. Why is having a conflict important? - the conflict is important, because it gives a certain “spice” to the story. - it gives the readers something to look forward to and something to worry about. - it adds to the excitement and helps in the process of values integration.

91. END