Theories of Urban Growth; Urban Forms

MPA 213 Oral Presentation
Oct 21, 2021

1. Theories of Urban Growth; Urban Forms MPA 213: MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2. What is Urban Growth? ➧ It is the rate at which the population of an urban area increases ➧ Increase in the absolute size of an urban population ➧ Expansion of a Metropolitan or suburban area into the surrounding environment 2

3. Models of Urban Growth CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL SECTOR MODEL MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL 3

4. CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL ➧ BURGESS MODEL ➧ It was developed during 1925 by ERNEST W. BURGESS, a sociologist from the University of Chicago ➧ This theory is based on Chicago’s growth pattern and an attempt to understand spatial arrangement and settlement patterns 4

5. ➧ This theory on city dynamics states that an urban area consist of five concentric zones which represents areas of functional differentiation and expands rapidly from the center called the Central Business District 20XX Presentation title 5 5

6. SECTOR MODEL ➧ HOYT MODEL ➧ It was developed during 1939 by a land economist named HOMER HOYT ➧ This theory was mainly based on the residential rent pattern and impact of transport development 6

7. 20XX Presentation title 7 7 ➧ This theory states that cities do not develop in form of single rings but instead, they have “sectors” ➧ Activities and their locations are highly influenced by transport linkages

8. MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL ➧ HARRIS-ULLMAN MODEL ➧ It was created during 1945 by geographers named CHAUNCY HARRIS and EDWARD ULLMAN ➧ This theory was based on the notion that CBD was losing its dominant position as nucleus of urban areas since urban regions have their own subsidiary but competing “nuclei” 8

9. ➧ This model assumes that Land is not flat in all areas There is even distribution of resources There is even distribution of people in residential areas There is even transportation cost ➧ People have greater movement due to increased car ownership and allows specialization of regional centers 20XX Presentation title 9 9

10. What is Urban Form? Morphological attributes of an urban area at all scales (Williams et al., 2000) 10

11. What is Urban Form? ➧ It encompasses a number of physical features and non-physical characteristics including size, shape, scale, density, land uses, building types, urban block layout and distribution of green space. 11

12. Elements of Urban Form 1 2 3 4 5 12

13. DENSITY ➧ Measure of THE number of people living in a given area ➧ It can be measured as persons per hectare ( pph ), dwellings per hectare ( dph ), bed spaces per hectare and habitable rooms per hectare (Woodford et al., 1976) 13

14. LAND USE ➧ USED TO DESCRIBED THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT LIKE RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL, RETAIL, OFFICES, INFRASTRACTURE AND OTHER USES ➧ It can be measured by Residential land use, Commercial and retail land use, Offices, Industrial, Community buildings, Leisure and recreational Buildings, Outdoor Recreation and Mixed use 14

15. TRANSPORT INFRASTRACTURE ➧ CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH ACCESSIBILITY AS IT DETERMINES THE EASE WITH WHICH BUILDINGS, SPACES AND PLACES CAN BE REACHED ➧ It can be measured by Public & Private transport infrastructure, Pedestrian Infrastructure, Road management and Journey Time/Distance 15

16. LAYOUT ➧ THE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT AND CONFIGURATION OF ELEMENTS OF STREETS, BLOCKS AND BUILDINGS ➧ STREET PATTERN, BLOCK SIZES, OVERALL LOCATION WITHIN THE CITY ➧ It can be measured through Spatial Network Analysis wherein relationship between spaces in a city/settlement/building are graphed/quantified to analyze and identify patterns 16

17. HOUSING AND BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS ➧ REFERS TO THE BUILDING’S ORIENTATION AND EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT AND DAYLIGHT ( Mardaljevic , 2005) ➧ CAN HAVE an IMPORTANT BEARING ON EVERYDAY LIVING ➧ It can be measured by identifying housing types, lowest level of living accommodation and household’s access to a garden/residential outdoor space 17

18. THEORIES BEHIND URBAN GROWTH & URBAN FORMS MODERNIZATION THEORY DEPENDENCY THEORY WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY 18

19. MODERNIZATION THEORY ➧ Refers to a progressive transition from a traditional to modern society and suggests that traditional societies will develop as they adopt more modern practices ➧ Research disciplines contributing to this theory includes sociological & anthropological modernization theory and linear stages of growth 19

20. DEPENDENCY THEORY ➧ First world nations depend on the natural resources, cheap labor and consumer markets provided by poor nations ➧ It states that resources typically flow from a “periphery” of poor and underdeveloped states to a “core” of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former 20

21. WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY ➧ A multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system as the primary unit of social analysis ➧ Divides nations into core, semi-periphery and periphery countries 21

22. “A city’s environment is shaped not only by people who hav e an important influence, but by everyone who lives or works there .” ROBERT COWAN 22

23. https://simple.wikipedia.org/ file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/MPA/MPA-213/For%20report%20(basis)/THEORIESOFURBANGROWTH.pdf https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/18768/6/Dempsey_et_al_2010_Ch2.pdf REFERENCES 23 https://www.google.com/ https://www.owen.k12.ky.us/userfiles/257/Classes/17727/APHGModelsofUrbanStructure.pdf https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/18768/6/Dempsey_et_al_2010_Ch2.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/document.pdf https://prezi.com/p/7zzrslx4a305/theories-of-urban-growth-urban-forms/

24. Thank you 24 JAMIE KIM F. SANTOS MPA Student JOSEFINA B. BITONIO, DPA Professor