Theories on the origin of the universe.pptx

Differentiates the theories that explain the origin of the universe.

1. Theories on the origin of the universe

2. Theories on the Origin of the Universe

3. Theories on the Origin of the Universe

4. Theories on the Origin of the Universe

5. Divine Creation Theory The narrative from GENESIS , one of the books of the Hebrew bible and Christian Old Testament, described how God separated light from darkness, created the sky, land, sea, moon, stars and every living creature in a span of six days. The oldest hypothesis that life came from a divine being is the most widely accepted belief. It is believed that the life forms and everything in the universe were created through supernatural power rather than naturalistic means. This belief is called CREATIONISM .

6. PRIMORDIAL UNIVERSE The mixture of the primordial universe was not entirely uniform; some ingredients were present in higher concentrations than others, as well as varying from place to place.

7. STATIC, STEADY-STATE INFINITE UNIVERSE Sir Isaac Newton published Principia , which described a static, steady state infinite universe. Matter on the large scale, is uniformly distributed.

8. Static Universe During 1917, Albert Einstein added a positive  cosmological constant  to his  equations  of  general relativity  to counteract the attractive effects of  gravity  on ordinary matter, which would otherwise cause a static, spatially finite universe to either  collapse  or  expand forever .

9. The Big Bang Theory The big bang is how astronomers explain the way the universe began. It is the idea that the universe began as just a single point, then expanded and stretched to grow as large as it is right now—and it is still stretching! Pillars of creation, Eagle Nebula

10. What is the evidence for Big Bang Theory? https://youtu.be/hcds5Ob59Dg

11. What are the evidences supporting the Big Bang theory? 1. Hubble’s discovery in the 1920s of a relationship between a galaxy’s distance from Earth and its speed;

12. Doppler effect A common example of Doppler shift is the change of  pitch  heard when a  vehicle  sounding a horn approaches and recedes from an observer. Compared to the emitted frequency, the received frequency is higher during the approach, identical at the instant of passing by, and lower during the recession. [4]

13. Edwin Hubble  used the Doppler effect to determine that the  universe  is  expanding . Hubble found that the light from distant  galaxies  was shifted toward lower frequencies, to the red end of the spectrum. This is known as a red Doppler shift, or a red-shift. If the galaxies were moving toward Hubble, the light would have been blue-shifted.

14. 2. the discovery in the 1960s of cosmic microwave background radiation. The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) that Penzias and Wilson observed is leftover heat radiation from the Big Bang. Today, CMBR is very cold due to expansion and cooling of the Universe. It’s only 2.725 Kelvin (-270.4 °C), which is only 2.725 °C above absolute zero. The 15 meter  Holmdel horn antenna  at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey was built in 1959 for pioneering work in communication satellites for the NASA ECHO I. The antenna was 50 feet in length and the entire structure weighed about 18 tons. It was composed of aluminum with a steel base. It was used to detect radio waves that bounced off Project ECHO balloon satellites.

15. Orion nebulae image taken from :ESO

16.   3. the measured abundances of elements For example, the baryon densities inferred from the WMAP data and from measurements of the primordial deuterium abundance agree very closely.

17. Oscillating Universe Einstein’s favored model after rejecting own’s original model Universe is expanding for a time and then contracting due to the pull of gravity in a perpetual cycle of Big Bang followed, in time, by Big Crunch.

18. Multiverse

19. Assessment: Explain the red-shift and how it used as a proof of an expanding universe. 2. Compare and Contrast the different theories on the origin of the Universe. Rubrics: 15pts – The answers are correct and has complete explanations. 12 pts – The answers are complete but the explanation is confusing. 10 pts – The answers are correct but the explanation is incomplete and confusing. 8pts – The answers are quite unrelated to the question. 5 pt – The answer is not related at all to the question. – No answer/Copy and Pasted/plagiarized work from google/internet.