Thermal Management of electronics hmt fluid thermo-2

Thermal mgmt. of Elec 2

1. Basic Thermodynamics of An Electronic System
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Clues for Thermal Management of Electronic
Systems !!!

2. An Electronic System
Dell R730xd Power-Edge server
The major functional requirements of an
electronic system is solid as a working
substance will work as a control mass.

3. A Dell R730xd Power Edge server : An
Assembly of Solid Working Substances
•This plat form is a cuboid shaped thermodynamic control
mass.
•Dimensions: 44.40cm wide 68.40cm long and 8.73cm
hight.
•Basic Hardware: 2 Central Processing Units (CPUs)
•16 banks of Dual In-line Memory Modules (DIMMs)
organized in four groups.
•Companion chips and connectivity support electronics, a
power supply unit and upto 12 mass storage docks.
•For simplicity we assume that ensuring safe operating
temperatures for these components guarantees also the safe
operating temperature for the other electronic components.

4. An Adiabatic E-Device
Conservation of Mass :0
dt
dm
CM
First law of thermodynamics :
WQ
dt
dE
CM 



2
1
T
Q
dt
dS diss
gen
CM


Efficiency of An E-Device:
100
Input
Output

Loss percentage of An E- Device:
 100
This Loss is dissipated as heat:
outputinput
CM
WW
dt
dE


 
dissinput
CM
QW
dt
dE




100
100
  
veoutputveinput
CM
WW
dt
dE



5. Figure of Merit for Computing

6. Figure of Merit for Computing
•In typical contexts today, the practical lifetime, of most
??????
computing systems is relatively fixed.
•There is a maximum tolerable latency, ℓ until the result of a
given computational task must be obtained.
•Therefore, need to care about not just maximizing cost
efficiency, but also minimizing cost /op for operations within
some fixed time frame.
•This translates to increasing both performance per unit cost, as
well as performance per unit power dissipation.

7. Macro-Anatomy of Data Center

8. A Macro Level Thermodynamic
Analysis of A Data Centre
Sankey
Diagram
Data Center

9. Thermodynamic Performance of A Facility
World’s data centers emit as much CO
2 as the global aviation industry!
Roughly 900 billion kilograms of CO
2
.......

PowerTotal
PowerIT
PUEessEffectivenPowerUsage




10. An Energy and Ecological perspective o f A
Data Center

11. Impact of Thermal Management &
Evolution of Data Centers
•A massive growth of
•Data storage : 25-fold with only 3-fold increase in energy
consumption.
•IP traffic: 10-fold growth with only a marginal increase in energy
used.
•Data center compute instances : 6.5-fold with 25% energy usage
increase.
•The total energy consumption of data centers increased only 6%
between 2010 and 2018 (from 194TWh to 205TWh).
•This remarkable achievement was possible only due to Scientific
implementation of Thermal Management in Electronics….

12. Why Thermal Management
•Cloud computing promises efficiency of scale, both in terms of
capital and operational costs.
•High-speed wireless access networks promise near-ubiquitous
network access.
•Exponential growth of Thin-client solutions, such as smart-phones
and tablet devices.
•Why is this becoming feasible????
Strong improvement in electricity efficiency have been made
both from processing and storage standpoints

13. Future Mechanical Engineer must thoroughly
understand & Use Thermal Management to Support
AI-ML in coming Decades !!!
An Ultimate Confluence of Two Distinct
Engineering Sciences…..

14. Thermal Management Model of A Data
Center : First Level of Division

15. An Energy Audit of A Data Center: 2016

16. Digital 21
st
Century: Center Energy
Consumption Drivers : Level 1
Global Installed Storage Capacity (EB)
Global DC-IP Traffic
Global DC- Work Loads
Global Installed Base of Servers

17. Digital 21
st
Century: Center Energy Consumption
Drivers : Level 2
Average Power Usage Effectveness
Server Power Intensity
N
o of Servers per W
orkloadStorage D
rive E
nergy U
se

18. An Advanced Thermodynamic Analysis
of A Data Centre
Sankey
Diagram

19. Backbone of 21
st
Century’s Digital
India/World
•A global Village continuously connected thru Data Centers.

20. Evolution of Electricity Usage by Data
Centres
W
o
r s t D
a
t a
C
e n
t e r s o
f t h
e W
o
r l d
Ideal Data Centers of the World
Thermally Optimal Data Centers of the World

21. An Explosive Growth in 21
st
Century
•Markets for new Communication Technology (CT) devices —
Smartphones and tablets…
•The transition of the television (TV) from a basic receiver into a
digital media center and entertainment hub.
•The Internet-of-everything paradigm is growing fast.
•The Internet-of-everything is widely believed to be coming in
the following years.
•Devices, such as humidifiers and heat pumps, are sold with
integrated smartphone control.

22. Disruptive Impacts
•Cloud computing promises efficiency of scale, both in terms of
capital and operational costs.
•High-speed wireless access networks promise near-ubiquitous
network access.
•Thin-client solutions, such as smart-phones and tablet devices.
•Why is this becoming feasible????
Strong improvement in electricity efficiency have been
made both from processing and storage standpoints

23. Every Electrical, Communication & Information
Technology Engineer must thoroughly understand &
Use Thermal Sciences in coming Decades !!!
An Ultimate Confluence of Two Distinct
Engineering Sciences…..

24. An Energy Audit of A Data Center: 2016

25. Digital 21
st
Century: Center Energy Consumption
Drivers : Level 1
Global Installed Storage Capacity (EB)
Global DC-IP Traffic
Global DC- Work Loads
Global Installed Base of Servers

26. Digital 21
st
Century: Center Energy Consumption
Drivers : Level 2
Average Power Usage Effectveness
Server Power Intensity
N
o of Servers per W
orkloadStorage D
rive E
nergy U
se

27. Digital 21
st
Century: Center Energy
Consumption Drivers